Salivary glands structurally are

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: compound tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar glands. Salivary glands are compound glands with both tubular and alveolar structures, allowing for both secretion and storage of saliva. The tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar structure allows for efficient production and release of saliva. Incorrect choices: B: Compound alveolar or acinar glands - Alveolar and acinar glands do not have the tubular structure required for efficient saliva production. C: Compound tubular glands - Tubular glands lack the alveolar structure needed for storage and release of saliva. D: Simple branched alveolar or acinar glands - Simple glands do not have the complexity needed for optimal saliva production and release.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. The hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood to the liver. 2. The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich but deoxygenated blood from the digestive system. 3. The hepatic sinusoids receive blood from both the hepatic artery and portal vein, creating a mix of oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood. 4. Choice D (hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein) is correct as it accurately reflects the blood vessels providing mixed blood to the hepatic sinusoids. Summary: - Choice A (hepatic artery and hepatic vein) is incorrect as the hepatic vein carries deoxygenated blood. - Choice B (hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein) is incorrect as it does not include the artery supplying oxygenated blood. - Choice C (hepatic portal artery and hepatic portal vein) is incorrect as there is no such thing as a hepatic portal artery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: vermiform appendix. The vermiform appendix is a blind tube, around 9 cm long, filled with lymph nodules, and attaches to the cecum. This anatomical description matches the characteristics of the vermiform appendix. The epiploic appendix (choice A) refers to small fatty projections on the colon's surface, not a blind tube. Haustra (choice B) are the pouches along the colon's length, not a blind tube. Tenia coli (choice D) are the three bands of longitudinal muscle in the colon, not a blind tube. Therefore, the vermiform appendix is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). As people age, they are more likely to experience GERD due to changes in the muscles of the esophagus and stomach, leading to acid reflux. Antacids, H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to alleviate symptoms of GERD by reducing stomach acid production. Crohn's disease (A), irritable bowel syndrome (B), and colitis (D) are not typically associated with aging and are not directly related to the need for these medications in elderly people.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: GLUT5. GLUT5 is the specific transporter responsible for transporting fructose across the apical membrane of enterocytes in the small intestine. It is a uniporter that facilitates the movement of fructose down its concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion. SGLT1 (Choice A) and SGLT2 (Choice B) are sodium-glucose transporters involved in the absorption of glucose and galactose, not fructose. GLUT4 (Choice C) is primarily found in muscle and adipose tissue and is responsible for insulin-mediated glucose uptake, not fructose transport in the small intestine.