Risk factors that have been shown to contribute to age-related macular degeneration include _____.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: oxidative stress from sunlight. Oxidative stress caused by exposure to sunlight is a significant risk factor for age-related macular degeneration. This condition can result in vision loss among older individuals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Iron-deficiency anemia, decreased intake of phytochemicals, and vitamin B6 malabsorption are not established risk factors for age-related macular degeneration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: whole grain bread. The WIC program aims to provide nutritious foods to support a healthy diet during pregnancy. Whole grain bread is a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Choice A, lean beef, is a protein source but may not be as versatile as whole grain bread in providing a variety of nutrients essential during pregnancy. Choice B, fruit-flavored yogurt, may contain added sugars and may not offer the same level of essential nutrients as whole grain bread. Choice D, refried beans, is a good source of protein and fiber, but whole grain bread is often a staple recommended in pregnancy for its nutritional benefits.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A: Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit bars contribute to your fluid intake. The principle regarding fluid intake when limiting dairy products for Mr. Bradley is that he can obtain fluids from alternative sources besides dairy. Gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit bars are examples of non-dairy fluid sources that can help maintain hydration. Option B, drinking milk in moderation, is incorrect in this case because Mr. Bradley has been advised to limit dairy intake. Consuming milk would contradict this advice and could lead to potential health issues for him. Option C, increasing fiber intake, is irrelevant to the principle of fluid intake and does not address the specific dietary restriction of dairy products for Mr. Bradley. Option D, limiting protein intake, is also unrelated to the principle of fluid intake. While protein intake may be a consideration in overall nutrition, the question specifically focuses on fluid intake in the context of limiting dairy products. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding alternative sources of fluid intake when dietary restrictions are present. It underscores the need for healthcare providers to provide specific guidance on fluid intake to ensure optimal hydration while adhering to dietary recommendations. Students must grasp the relationship between dietary choices and fluid balance to support client health outcomes effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the use of Furosemide (Lasix), the correct answer is D) mobilize fluids. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the nephron loop of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes. This action results in the mobilization of excess fluids from the body, making it a potent medication for treating conditions such as edema and hypertension. Option A) activate vitamin D is incorrect because Furosemide does not have any direct impact on vitamin D activation. Vitamin D activation primarily occurs in the kidneys and other tissues. Option B) stimulate appetite is incorrect as Furosemide is not known to have any appetite-stimulating effects. In fact, it is more likely to cause electrolyte imbalances that can affect appetite. Option C) lower cholesterol is incorrect as Furosemide is not indicated for lowering cholesterol levels. Its primary mechanism of action is related to fluid and electrolyte balance rather than lipid metabolism. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological actions of Furosemide is crucial for nursing and healthcare students. It is essential for them to grasp how this medication works to manage fluid overload conditions and its implications for patient care. By recognizing the correct application of Furosemide, students can provide safe and effective medication administration, monitor for therapeutic effects and side effects, and contribute to positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and nutrition, the mineral essential for wound healing is zinc. Zinc plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including wound healing. It is involved in collagen synthesis, immune function, and cell proliferation, all of which are essential for the repair of damaged tissues. Zinc deficiency can impair the body's ability to heal wounds effectively. Iodine, although important for thyroid function, is not directly involved in wound healing. Chromium is essential for glucose metabolism but does not have a direct role in the wound healing process. Sulfate is not a mineral that is typically associated with wound healing. From an educational perspective, understanding the role of specific minerals in physiological processes like wound healing is crucial for healthcare professionals. By knowing the importance of zinc in this context, clinicians can make informed decisions when managing patients with wounds or healing issues. This knowledge is vital for providing comprehensive care and promoting optimal patient outcomes.