Rico with diabetes mellitus must learn how to self-administer insulin. The physician has prescribed 10 U of U-100 regular insulin and 35 U of U-100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. When teaching the client how to select and rotate insulin injection sites, the nurse should provide which instruction?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Rotating injection sites helps prevent lipohypertrophy and ensures consistent insulin absorption. Step 2: Rotating within the same region allows for proper absorption without causing tissue damage. Step 3: Injecting into healthy tissue with large blood vessels can lead to erratic absorption. Step 4: Administering into areas of scar tissue or hypotrophy can alter insulin absorption. Step 5: Administering into sites above muscles before exercise can lead to rapid absorption and hypoglycemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Breath sounds. In a patient with neutropenia, there is a higher risk of developing respiratory infections due to low white blood cell count. Assessing breath sounds can help detect early signs of respiratory distress or infection, which can be life-threatening in this population. Blood pressure (A), bowel sounds (B), and heart sounds (C) are important assessments, but in the context of neutropenia, monitoring breath sounds is crucial for early detection and intervention in respiratory complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Immediately discontinue the infusion. This action is necessary to prevent further harm to the patient in case of an adverse reaction to the chemotherapy agent. Discontinuing the infusion will stop the administration of the potentially harmful drug and allow for prompt assessment and intervention. Notifying the physician (choice A) can be done after discontinuing the infusion. Flushing the IV line (choice B) may not address the underlying issue of the redness and swelling at the site. Applying an ice pack followed by warm compress (choice D) may provide temporary relief but does not address the need to stop the infusion immediately.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because frequent bowel movements can help reduce sodium levels in cases of diarrhea caused by lactose intake. Lactose intolerance can lead to osmotic diarrhea due to the unabsorbed lactose drawing water into the intestines. By encouraging frequent bowel movements, excess sodium is excreted along with the watery stools, helping to restore electrolyte balance. Choice A is incorrect because contacting the physician immediately is not necessary in this situation as the nurse can take appropriate action. Choice B is incorrect because withholding the drug may not address the root cause of the diarrhea. Choice C is incorrect because simply lowering the dosage may not be sufficient to address the diarrhea effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer B (Conscious) is correct: Letty's statement indicates she is actively engaging in a cognitive process to recall information, which aligns with conscious thought. Conscious thought involves awareness, reasoning, and decision-making, all of which Letty is demonstrating by setting a specific timeframe for memory recall. Subconscious (A) refers to processes below the level of awareness; Unconscious (C) pertains to mental processes inaccessible to consciousness; Ego (D) is a component of personality according to Freudian psychology, not directly related to cognitive processes like memory recall.