ATI RN
Multidimensional Basis of Health Protective Behaviors Questions
Question 1 of 5
Ricardo, was diagnosed with type I diabetes. The nurse is aware that acute hypoglycemia also can develop in the client who is diagnosed with:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Type 2 diabetes. Acute hypoglycemia can occur in individuals with type 1 diabetes due to excess insulin or inadequate food intake. Type 2 diabetes, if treated with certain medications like insulin or sulfonylureas, can also lead to hypoglycemia. Liver disease (A) can cause hypoglycemia indirectly but is not directly related. Hypertension (B) and hyperthyroidism (D) do not typically cause hypoglycemia. In summary, type 2 diabetes is the correct answer as it can lead to acute hypoglycemia due to treatment with insulin or sulfonylureas, while the other choices are not directly associated with this condition.
Question 2 of 5
Ricardo is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans to use a spinal (subarachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating room, the nurse positions the client according to the anesthesiologist's instructions. Why does the client require special positioning for this type of anesthesia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. During a spinal block, the needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space where the cerebrospinal fluid is located. Proper positioning ensures that the needle puncture site is correctly aligned, minimizing the risk of CSF leakage. Preventing CSF leakage is crucial to maintain the effectiveness of the anesthesia and prevent complications such as post-dural puncture headache. Incorrect choices: A: To prevent confusion - Positioning is not related to preventing confusion during anesthesia. B: To prevent seizures - Seizures are not a common concern with spinal blocks and are not prevented by specific positioning. D: To prevent cardiac arrhythmias - Positioning in this case is not directly related to preventing cardiac arrhythmias during a prostatectomy with a spinal block.
Question 3 of 5
A male client has jugular distention. On what position should the nurse place the head of the bed to obtain the most accurate reading of jugular vein distention?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Raised 30 degrees. Placing the client's head at a 30-degree angle allows gravity to pull the blood down from the head, providing a more accurate reading of jugular vein distention. In a supine position (choice D), the distention may be underestimated. High Fowler's position (choice A) may increase venous return and elevate the jugular vein further. Raising the bed by 10 degrees (choice B) may not provide enough angle for optimal blood flow.
Question 4 of 5
A female client is scheduled to receive a heart valve replacement with a porcine valve. Which of the following types of transplant is this?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Xenogeneic. A porcine valve is derived from pigs, making it a xenogeneic transplant. Allogeneic (A) refers to transplant between genetically different individuals of the same species. Autologous (B) involves using the patient's own tissue. Syngeneic (C) is transplant between genetically identical individuals, such as identical twins. In this case, since the heart valve is from a different species (pig), the correct term is xenogeneic.
Question 5 of 5
Cyrill with severe head trauma sustained in a car accident is admitted to the intensive care unit. Thirty-six hours later, the client's urine output suddenly rises above 200 ml/hour, leading the nurse to suspect diabetes insipidus. Which laboratory findings support the nurse's suspicion of diabetes insipidus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Diabetes insipidus results from inadequate production or action of antidiuretic hormone, leading to excessive urine output and dilute urine. In this case, the sudden rise in urine output above 200 ml/hour indicates a large volume of dilute urine being excreted. Therefore, the urine osmolality will be low (below normal) due to its diluteness. On the other hand, the serum osmolality will be high (above normal) because the body is unable to retain water properly, leading to dehydration and concentration of solutes in the blood. This imbalance in osmolality levels between urine and serum supports the nurse's suspicion of diabetes insipidus. Incorrect choices: A: Above-normal urine and serum osmolality levels - This is incorrect because in diabetes insipidus, urine osmolality is low (dilute) and serum osmolality is high. B: Below-normal urine and serum os