Rhinorrhea, lacrimation, chills, gooseflesh, hyperventilation, hyperthermia, mydriasis, muscular aches, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, and hostility are effects of:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abstinence syndrome. These symptoms are characteristic of opioid withdrawal, which occurs when a person dependent on opioids suddenly stops or reduces their use. Rhinorrhea, lacrimation, chills, gooseflesh, and other symptoms listed are commonly seen during opioid withdrawal due to the body's reaction to the absence of the drug. Tolerance (A) refers to a decreased response to a drug over time, not withdrawal symptoms. Opioid overdosage (B) would present with different symptoms such as respiratory depression. Drug interactions (C) may lead to various side effects but wouldn't produce the specific withdrawal symptoms listed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because serotonin syndrome results from both increased stores of monoamine (serotonin) and significant accumulation of amine neurotransmitters in the synapses. - Increased stores of monoamine lead to excessive serotonin levels. - Significant accumulation of amine neurotransmitters in the synapses occurs due to excess serotonin being released and not being reabsorbed or broken down efficiently. Choice A alone is not sufficient as it does not address the synaptic accumulation aspect. Choice B alone is also not enough as it does not consider the role of increased stores of monoamine. Choice D is incorrect as serotonin syndrome is not caused by depleted stores of biogenic amines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nootropics do not stimulate the bulbar respiratory center. Nootropics are substances that enhance cognitive function and brain health. Choice A is correct as nootropics are known to improve cognitive functions. Choice C is also correct as they enhance neuronal synapses. Choice D is incorrect as nootropics are not designed to protect against damaging influences but rather to enhance brain function. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer because nootropics do not have a direct effect on the bulbar respiratory center.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cocaine. Crack cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug derived from cocaine. The process of making crack involves mixing cocaine with baking soda and water, then heating it to form small rocks or crystals. Crack is different from cocaine in that it is smoked rather than snorted, leading to a quicker and more intense high. Crack is not derived from opium (A), LSD (B), or cannabis (D). Opium is a narcotic derived from the opium poppy plant, LSD is a hallucinogenic drug, and cannabis is a plant that produces marijuana. Therefore, the correct answer is C as crack is a derivative of cocaine specifically.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Desoxiribonuclease. Desoxiribonuclease is a proteolytic enzyme that breaks down DNA molecules. Proteolytic enzymes are enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids. Potassium iodide, Carbocysteine, and Acetylcysteine are not proteolytic enzymes, they are used for different purposes such as treating respiratory conditions or as expectorants. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it is the only option that is a proteolytic enzyme.