Reva Rubin identified several maternal tasks the pregnant person undertakes during pregnancy. What actions by the pregnant person are included in these tasks? Select 4 that apply.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of Reva Rubin's maternal tasks during pregnancy, scheduling a childbirth class (option B) is the correct answer. This task reflects the preparation and education aspect of Rubin's theory, where the pregnant person actively seeks out knowledge and information to prepare for childbirth. This action helps the individual gain confidence and feel more in control of the upcoming birth experience. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly align with Rubin's identified maternal tasks. Developing attachment to the fetus (option A) is part of the psychological adaptation process but not specifically listed as one of Rubin's tasks. Encouraging the partner's attachment to the fetus (option C) and acknowledging the fetus as a separate person (option D) are important aspects of pregnancy but are not included in Rubin's framework of maternal tasks. Educationally, understanding Rubin's theory of maternal tasks is crucial for healthcare providers working with pregnant individuals. By recognizing these tasks, professionals can better support and guide pregnant clients through their emotional and psychological journey during pregnancy, ultimately improving maternal and fetal outcomes. It also highlights the importance of comprehensive prenatal education and support for expectant parents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B is the correct answer because the placenta is responsible for fetal waste disposal during pregnancy. The placenta acts as a barrier that filters out waste products produced by the fetus, such as carbon dioxide and urea, and transfers them to the maternal circulation for elimination. This process is crucial for maintaining a healthy environment for the developing fetus. Option A is incorrect because while the placenta does filter substances, its primary role is not to filter hormones to support the pregnancy. Option C is incorrect because although the placenta provides some protection, it does not prevent all viruses from harming the fetus. Option D is incorrect because while the placenta does play a role in regulating certain substances like glucose, its main function is not specifically to regulate glucose levels in the fetus. Educationally, understanding the functions of the placenta is essential in prenatal care and pharmacology. Nurses and healthcare providers must educate pregnant individuals about the role of the placenta in supporting fetal development and maintaining a healthy pregnancy. This knowledge helps ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby throughout the gestational period.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of perinatal care, the correct answer is D) maternal-fetal medicine. Maternal-fetal medicine specialists are physicians who have completed additional training in high-risk obstetrics, focusing on the management of complex pregnancies and potential complications that may arise during gestation. These specialists are best equipped to provide the most comprehensive care for both the mother and the developing fetus, offering specialized knowledge and expertise in managing the unique challenges that can arise during pregnancy. Option A) family practice physicians may provide general prenatal care but lack the specialized training and expertise in managing high-risk pregnancies that maternal-fetal medicine specialists possess. Option B) obstetricians are trained in general obstetrics but may not have the same depth of knowledge and experience in managing complex maternal-fetal conditions. Option C) surgeons are not typically involved in the comprehensive perinatal care of both the mother and fetus throughout pregnancy. Educationally, understanding the role of different healthcare providers in perinatal care is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals working in maternal-child health. Knowing the specialized training and scope of practice of maternal-fetal medicine specialists helps ensure that pregnant individuals receive the most appropriate and comprehensive care for a healthy pregnancy and optimal fetal development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding the genetic basis of drug action and potential teratogenic effects is crucial. In this question regarding the number and type of chromosomes in a normal mature gamete, the correct answer is B) 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. The rationale behind this correct answer lies in the process of gametogenesis. During meiosis, gametes are formed with half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells to ensure the correct chromosome number is restored upon fertilization. A normal mature gamete, whether sperm (male) or ovum (female), contains 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. This combination ensures that upon fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the full complement of 46 chromosomes necessary for normal development. Option A) 22 autosomes alone is incorrect because it lacks the necessary sex chromosome for proper genetic inheritance. Option C) 46 chromosomes is incorrect as it represents the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell, not a mature gamete. Option D) 23 autosomes is incorrect as it overlooks the presence of the sex chromosome crucial for determining the individual's sex. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the genetic basis of reproduction and development, especially in the context of pharmacology where drug exposure during conception and fetal development can have significant implications on genetic integrity and prenatal health. Understanding the basics of chromosomal composition in gametes is fundamental for healthcare professionals to comprehend the potential risks and implications of pharmacological interventions during sensitive developmental stages.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is an increase in amniotic fluid that can occur as a result of having diabetes mellitus. In this scenario, the nurse should explain to the patient that hydramnios, or polyhydramnios, is an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid which can be associated with conditions like gestational diabetes. This excess fluid can lead to complications such as preterm labor, fetal malpresentation, and placental abruption. Option A is incorrect because a decrease in amniotic fluid is not associated with neural tube defects. Option B is incorrect as it describes oligohydramnios, not hydramnios. Option D is also incorrect as a decrease in amniotic fluid is not typically associated with preterm labor. In an educational context, understanding the causes and implications of hydramnios is crucial for nurses caring for pregnant patients. By knowing the relationship between conditions like diabetes and hydramnios, nurses can provide informed care and education to patients to promote positive pregnancy outcomes.