Retinal hemorrhages are an important marker of abusive head trauma (AHT). Whenever AHT is being considered, a dilated indirect eye examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist should be performed. All the following are characteristic of retinal hemorrhage caused by AHT EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Various sizes are characteristic of AHT-related retinal hemorrhages. Central involvement and multiple layers are also typical, whereas traumatic retinoschisis is not commonly seen in AHT.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For infants, CPR should be performed using two fingers in single rescuer situations or with the two-thumb encircling technique in two-rescuer scenarios.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Suicidal ideation is a well-documented consequence of bullying, as victims often experience significant psychological distress and hopelessness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The anion gap is calculated as (Na⁺ - [Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻]) and represents unmeasured anions in plasma. It helps differentiate metabolic acidosis causes, with high values suggesting lactic acidosis or toxin ingestion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Thelarche typically occurs between ages 8-13, marking the start of female puberty.