ATI RN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Respiratory Quotient is not less than one in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Respiratory Quotient (RQ) is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed during metabolism. For carbohydrates, RQ is always equal to or greater than 1 because they are completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Proteins and fats have RQ values less than 1 as they may not be fully oxidized. Normal diet consists of a mix of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, so the RQ can vary. Therefore, the correct answer is A (Carbohydrates) because they have an RQ not less than one due to complete oxidation. Proteins and fats (choices B and C) have RQ values less than one, and the RQ for a normal diet (choice D) can't be generalized as it includes a mix of nutrients.
Question 2 of 5
Semilunar cartilage inside the Laryngo tracheal chamber is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arytenoid. Semilunar cartilages are located inside the laryngotracheal chamber and help maintain the patency of the airway during respiration. The arytenoid cartilages are paired, pyramid-shaped structures that sit on top of the cricoid cartilage. They play a crucial role in vocal cord movement and manipulation. Explanation of other choices: B: Cricoid cartilage is a complete ring-shaped cartilage located below the thyroid cartilage in the larynx, providing structural support to the airway. C: Sternohyal is a strap-like muscle attached to the sternum and hyoid bone, not a cartilage found in the laryngotracheal chamber. D: Petrohyal is part of the hyoid apparatus in some animals but is not found in the human larynx.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is being treated for a pulmonary embolism and the medical nurse is aware that the patient suffered an acute disturbance in pulmonary perfusion. This involved an alteration in what aspect of normal physiology?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adequate flow of blood through the pulmonary circulation. In a pulmonary embolism, there is a blockage in the pulmonary artery, leading to decreased blood flow to the lungs. This disrupts normal pulmonary perfusion, affecting the oxygenation of blood. The other choices are incorrect because A refers to alveolar function, B relates to respiratory muscle function, and C involves acid-base balance in the blood vessels, none of which directly address the alteration in blood flow seen in a pulmonary embolism.
Question 4 of 5
Activated c3b to the cell wall of an infected cell or pathogen is the end-result of which of the following pathway(s)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three pathways (classical, lectin, and alternative) converge at the point of C3 activation, leading to the formation of C3b that binds to the cell wall of an infected cell or pathogen. In the classical pathway, C3 is activated by C4b2a complex; in the lectin pathway, it is activated by mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases; and in the alternative pathway, it is activated by spontaneous hydrolysis of C3. Therefore, the end result of all three pathways is the activation of C3 and subsequent binding of C3b to the cell wall. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each pathway alone does not lead to the activation of C3b and binding to the cell wall; it is the combined action of all three pathways that achieves this end result.
Question 5 of 5
Dalton's law states that
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dalton's law states that in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture. This means that each gas in a mixture behaves independently of the others. Therefore, choice D is correct as it directly reflects Dalton's law. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe Dalton's law and its principle of partial pressures in gas mixtures.