Respiratory disease could best be prevented by avoiding

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and respiratory health, the correct answer to the question is D) Cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and emphysema. Smoking damages the respiratory system by causing inflammation, narrowing of airways, and destruction of lung tissue, leading to breathing difficulties and decreased lung function. Avoiding cigarette smoking is crucial in preventing respiratory diseases because it is the single most preventable cause of such conditions. By quitting smoking or never starting, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing these serious respiratory issues. Regarding the other options: A) Coal dust: While exposure to coal dust can cause respiratory problems like coal worker's pneumoconiosis (black lung disease), it is typically an occupational hazard rather than a common preventable behavior in the general population. B) Spray cans: Inhalation of chemicals from spray cans can irritate the respiratory system, but this is more of an acute risk rather than a chronic cause of respiratory diseases. C) Carbon monoxide emissions: Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that can cause serious health issues, but it is more commonly associated with cardiovascular problems rather than respiratory diseases. Educationally, understanding the impact of lifestyle choices like smoking on respiratory health is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on preventive measures. By providing comprehensive information on the risks associated with smoking and the benefits of cessation, healthcare professionals can empower individuals to make informed decisions to protect their respiratory well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) A humidifier. When a patient undergoes a laryngectomy, as in the case of Mrs. Singer's husband, the airway is altered, leading to potential complications such as dry mucous membranes and increased risk of infection. A humidifier helps add moisture to the air, which can alleviate dryness and promote optimal airway health post-surgery. Option A) An electronic artificial larynx is not necessary in this situation as it is used to help individuals produce speech sounds after a laryngectomy, which is not the immediate concern upon the husband's return home. Option C) A television and Option D) A high-low bed are not directly related to the specific needs of a patient recovering from a laryngectomy. While entertainment and appropriate positioning are important aspects of care, in this context, the focus should be on addressing the physiological needs related to the surgery. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific needs of patients post-surgery and the role of supportive equipment in promoting their recovery and well-being. It emphasizes the nurse's role in providing appropriate education and guidance to patients and their families to ensure a smooth transition back home after a surgical procedure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a water-seal drainage system, the fluctuation of the fluid level in the tube of the water-seal bottle indicates that the system is working correctly. This fluctuation, known as tidaling, shows that the system is maintaining the appropriate pressure within the pleural space during respiration. As the patient breathes in and out, the fluid level rises and falls, demonstrating effective drainage and lung re-expansion. Option A is incorrect because the absence of bubbling in the suction control bottle indicates that the suction is not functioning, which could lead to inadequate drainage. Option C is incorrect as the amount of fluid collected does not necessarily indicate the system's functionality. Excessive bubbling in the water-seal bottle, as in Option D, could suggest an air leak in the system, which would not be an indicator of proper functioning. In an educational context, understanding the principles of a water-seal drainage system is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals caring for patients with chest tubes. Recognizing the correct indicators of system functionality ensures proper patient care and can prevent complications related to inadequate drainage or pleural pressure regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding pain management is crucial. The correct answer is A) Giving assurance that pain management is a nursing and agency priority. This option emphasizes the importance of prioritizing pain relief and ensuring the client's comfort and well-being. Pain management should indeed be a priority in healthcare settings to address the client's needs effectively. Option B) Giving assurance that pain relief will be immediate and effective may not always be feasible due to various factors like the type of pain, individual responses to medications, and underlying conditions. It is essential to set realistic expectations regarding pain relief. Option C) Giving assurance that pain relief will be permanent is unrealistic as pain management often requires ongoing assessment and adjustment of treatment strategies based on the client's response and changing needs. Option D) Giving assurance that pain has a psychological basis and can be easily managed oversimplifies the complex nature of pain. While psychological factors can influence pain perception, implying that pain can be easily managed may undermine the client's experience and the need for comprehensive pain management approaches. Educationally, this question highlights the significance of holistic pain management, including assessment, prioritization, realistic expectations, and individualized care. Nurses must advocate for effective pain management practices to enhance client outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding the persistence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) outbreaks is crucial. The correct answer is C) The viruses are dormant in the client. This occurs because HSV can establish latency in sensory nerve ganglia after the initial infection, leading to recurrent outbreaks triggered by various factors such as stress, fever, or sun exposure. During latency, the virus remains inactive but can reactivate periodically, causing cold sores. Option A) The client has low resistance, is incorrect because the reactivation of HSV is primarily related to viral factors rather than the client's immune status. Option B) The client has not received proper treatment, is incorrect as even with proper treatment, HSV can still establish latency and cause recurrent outbreaks. Option D) The viruses are immune to the therapy, is incorrect because while antiviral therapy can help manage HSV outbreaks, it does not eliminate the latent virus. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding viral latency and recurrent infections in pharmacology. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to educate patients on triggers for HSV reactivation and the role of antiviral therapy in managing recurrent outbreaks effectively. Understanding the viral life cycle and the factors influencing reactivation is essential for providing comprehensive care to patients with HSV infections.