Respiratory and cardiac analeptics are all of the following agents EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Camphor is not a respiratory or cardiac analeptic. Cordiamine, Bemegride, and Caffeine are all known to have stimulant effects on the respiratory and cardiac systems. Cordiamine and Bemegride specifically act as central nervous system stimulants, while Caffeine is a known respiratory and cardiac stimulant. Camphor, on the other hand, is commonly used in topical products for its cooling and soothing effects and does not have any direct stimulant effects on the respiratory or cardiac systems. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not belong to the category of respiratory and cardiac analeptics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Derivatives of Ipecacuanha and Thermopsis. These substances stimulate the reflex mechanism of coughing, leading to increased mucus clearance from the airways. Mucolytics like Ambroxol (choice D) thin out mucus, while sodium benzoate (choice A) is a preservative and trypsin (choice C) is an enzyme and not an expectorant. Therefore, B is correct as it directly promotes the cough reflex for mucus expulsion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cholenszyme. Cholenszyme is a digestive enzyme supplement and does not stimulate bile production or secretion. Chenodiol is a bile acid that promotes bile flow. Oxaphenamide is a choleretic agent that increases bile secretion. Cholosas contains bile salts and helps stimulate bile production. Therefore, Cholenszyme is the only option that does not directly stimulate bile production or secretion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because digoxin actually has a shorter half-life than digitoxin. Digoxin has a half-life of approximately 36 hours, while digitoxin has a longer half-life of around 7 days. A: Digoxin is a mild inotrope, which means it increases myocardial contractility. B: Digoxin increases vagal tone, leading to a decrease in heart rate. D: Digoxin acts by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, resulting in increased intracellular calcium levels and improved contractility. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are true statements regarding cardiac glycosides.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: GI disturbance. Nitrates and nitrites primarily affect the cardiovascular system by dilating blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and decreased cardiac workload. GI disturbances are not commonly associated with these drugs. A: Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, C: Throbbing headache, and D: Tolerance are all known side effects of nitrates and nitrites due to their cardiovascular effects.