Resistance in many Gram negative bacteria is the result of the production of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL). Which of the following classes of antibiotics is not inactivated by ESBL?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ESBLs inactivate beta-lactams (not glycopeptides like vancomycin), which target Gram-positive bacteria primarily.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: LTBI is characterized by no symptoms, no signs, and a normal chest X-ray, with infection detected via TST or IGRA.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Water is not a cleaning agent by itself; it acts as a medium to facilitate cleaning when combined with agents like soap or alcohol hand gel. Alcohol hand gel (B) is a cleaning agent, making it the incorrect choice for 'not considered a cleaning agent.'

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Immunoglobulins (e.g., HBIG) are derived from pooled plasma of blood donors to ensure a broad antibody spectrum.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Consent is voluntary under UK law; E is also true, but C is the fundamental principle.