Research supports which intervention implemented on a long-term basis significantly reduces the incidence of suicide and suicide attempts in a patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lithium. Research has shown that long-term use of lithium significantly reduces the risk of suicide and suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium helps stabilize mood, reduce impulsivity, and lower the risk of suicidal behavior. - A: SSRIs may worsen symptoms in some patients with bipolar disorder and can increase the risk of suicidal behavior. - B: ECT is used for severe cases of depression or mania but is not a primary intervention for preventing suicide in bipolar disorder. - C: One-on-one observation can be helpful in preventing immediate suicide attempts but is not a long-term solution for reducing suicide risk in bipolar disorder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Social support. Social support is a well-established protective factor for mental illness as it provides individuals with a network of resources, emotional support, and coping strategies. Having a strong social support system can help individuals better manage stress, improve self-esteem, and reduce feelings of isolation. A, B, and C are incorrect choices. Unemployment (A) is a risk factor for mental illness, not a protective factor. Younger age (B) is not necessarily a protective factor, as mental illness can affect individuals of all ages. Single status (C) can be a risk or protective factor depending on the individual's social support system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the DSM-V classifies mental disorders people have. This classification is based on a comprehensive assessment of specific criteria outlined in the DSM-V for various mental health conditions. Deviant behaviors (A) alone do not necessarily indicate a mental disorder. Present disability or distress (B) is a consequence of mental disorders, but not the sole criteria for classification. Classifying all people with mental disorders (C) is too broad and does not account for individuals without a diagnosed mental disorder. Therefore, the correct classification focuses on mental disorders individuals have (D) based on specific diagnostic criteria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The priority nursing diagnosis in this scenario is C: Risk for suicide. This is because the patient's suicidal ideation poses an immediate threat to their safety and needs to be addressed urgently to ensure their well-being. The patient's weight gain and lack of symptom improvement with antidepressants are important factors but do not take precedence over the risk of suicide. Imbalanced nutrition and chronic low self-esteem are not the priority as they are not immediately life-threatening. Hopelessness is also important but addressing the risk for suicide takes precedence in this critical situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because conducting routine suicide screenings at a senior center is a crucial nursing intervention to manage the common characteristic of major depressive disorder associated with the older population, which is an increased risk of suicide. By conducting these screenings, nurses can identify individuals at risk and provide appropriate interventions to prevent suicide. Choice B is incorrect as depression is not a natural result of aging and should not be normalized. Choice C is incorrect as both males and females are at risk for developing depression. Choice D is incorrect as major depressive disorder is often a recurring condition, rather than a one-time episode for many individuals.