ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade. Renin is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low sodium levels. Renin acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and stimulates the release of aldosterone, leading to increased sodium and water retention, ultimately increasing blood pressure. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because renin does not suppress angiotensin production, decrease sodium reabsorption, or inhibit aldosterone release.
Question 2 of 5
The patient has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio. These levels most likely indicate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The elevated BUN and serum creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio suggest a pre-renal cause, indicating decreased renal perfusion. This is consistent with acute kidney injury (AKI) such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In ATN, there is damage to the renal tubules leading to impaired filtration and elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Hypovolemia and fluid resuscitation would typically result in a high BUN/creatinine ratio due to altered reabsorption. Increased nitrogen intake would not lead to elevated creatinine levels. Therefore, choice B is correct as it aligns with the presentation of elevated BUN and creatinine levels with a normal ratio.
Question 3 of 5
The patient is complaining of severe flank pain when he tries to urinate. His urinalysis shows sediment and crystals along with a few bacteria. Using this information along with the clinical picture, the nurse realizes that the patient's condition is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: postrenal. The patient's symptoms of severe flank pain while trying to urinate, along with sediment and crystals in the urine, suggest a urinary tract obstruction (postrenal). This obstruction is likely causing the patient's pain and urinary symptoms. A: prerenal refers to issues before the kidneys, such as decreased blood flow. C: intrarenal refers to issues within the kidneys, like infection or inflammation. D: not renal related is incorrect as the symptoms clearly point to a renal issue. In summary, based on the clinical presentation and urinalysis findings, a postrenal cause is most likely the reason for the patient's symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
The patient's potassium level is 7.0 mEq/L. Besides dialysis, which of the following actually reduces plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely in a patient with renal dysfunction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate. It works by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine, reducing plasma potassium levels. Step 1: Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate orally or rectally. Step 2: It binds with potassium in the gut, leading to fecal elimination. Step 3: This process helps lower both plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol can cause intestinal necrosis. C: Regular insulin temporarily shifts potassium into cells but doesn't reduce total body potassium. D: Calcium gluconate only stabilizes cardiac membrane potential without reducing potassium levels.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement related to dehydration made by a patient with hypovolemia is the best indicator to the nurse of the need for additional teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement "I will drink coffee and cola drinks throughout the day" indicates a lack of understanding regarding proper hydration. Coffee and cola drinks contain caffeine, which can lead to increased fluid loss and exacerbate dehydration. It is important to educate the patient that these beverages are not suitable for maintaining proper hydration levels. Choice A is not the best indicator for additional teaching as it shows the patient's intention to drink an adequate amount of fluids daily. Choice B, while not ideal, still acknowledges the importance of drinking water when thirsty. Choice D is also not the best indicator for additional teaching as it demonstrates the patient's awareness of avoiding alcohol-containing drinks, which can contribute to dehydration.