ATI RN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Renal transplant patients should receive all of the following measures to prevent infection EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: MMR vaccine is contraindicated in transplant patients live attenuated, risks viremia in immunosuppression. Nystatin (candida), pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccines safe, recommended. Prophylaxis for dental procedures aligns standard. Live vaccine ban distinguishes it, critical for transplant safety, unlike protective measures.
Question 2 of 5
During nucleotide biosynthesis, which of the following contribute to the structure of BOTH purines and pyrimidines?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glutamine donates nitrogen to both purines (N3, N9) and pyrimidines (amide), unlike aspartic acid (purines), glutamic acid (indirect), or glycine (purines). This specifies nucleotide synthesis, key for DNA/RNA, contrasting with limited contributors.
Question 3 of 5
When GFR fall, the Na excretion will :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased GFR reduces Na+ filtration, lowering excretion not increasing or unchanged. This links GFR to sodium handling, key for fluid balance, contrasting with compensatory misconceptions.
Question 4 of 5
A female infant, age 2 years, has a fever and bloody urine. Microscopic examination of the urine reveals red blood cells and neutrophils but no casts. The most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever, hematuria, and neutrophils without casts suggest acute cystitis (infection), not RCC (adults), stones (obstruction), glomerulonephritis (casts), or polycystic kidney (chronic). This aligns with pediatric UTI, key for rapid treatment, contrasting with neoplastic or chronic conditions.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the diuretic that can produce extracellular volume expansion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) expands extracellular volume by retaining water not thiazides, acetazolamide, or triamterene (Na+ effects). This distinguishes osmotic action, key for cerebral edema, contrasting with natriuretic diuretics.