Renal manifestations of hypokalemia include all the following EXCEPT

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Pediatric Musculoskeletal Questions

Question 1 of 5

Renal manifestations of hypokalemia include all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypokalemia causes polyuria, reduced ammonia production, and renal damage, but urinary retention is not a feature; it's more associated with hyperkalemia.

Question 2 of 5

For each 1°C increase in temperature above 38°C leads to increase in maintenance water needs by

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Water needs increase by 10-15% per °C above 38 °C due to increased insensible losses.

Question 3 of 5

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), ambulation is important not only for postponing the psychologic depression but also for postponing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prolonged ambulation in DMD helps delay scoliosis, a common complication due to weakened paraspinal muscles, which worsens after loss of mobility.

Question 4 of 5

Muscle denervation is any loss of nerve supply regardless of the cause. Of the following, the MOST specific clinical sign of denervation is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fasciculation is the most specific sign of denervation, reflecting spontaneous motor unit activity due to nerve loss.

Question 5 of 5

Patients in early stages of Guillain-Barré syndrome should be admitted to the hospital for observation because the ascending paralysis can rapidly involve respiratory muscles during the next 24 hr. Of the following, the MOST effective treatment is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: IVIG is one of the most effective treatments for GBS, alongside plasmapheresis, with strong evidence for hastening recovery.

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