ATI RN
Urinary System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Renal clearance:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inulin clearance estimates GFR e.g., fully filtered, not reabsorbed (~125 mL/min). Formula is UV/P U,F,P misdefined. Creatinine estimates GFR not plasma flow (PAH does). Parathormone increases phosphate clearance not decreases. Inulin's GFR role distinguishes it, critical for renal function, unlike formula or flow errors.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse determines that a patient with acute renal failure has prerenal oliguria when
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prerenal oliguria stems from decreased renal perfusion (e.g., hypovolemia), not intrinsic kidney damage. Fluid replacement restores perfusion, increasing urine output, unlike low specific gravity (dilute urine, tubular issue), malignant hypertension (intrarenal), or high sodium (postrenal). This distinguishes prerenal failure's reversible nature, critical for early intervention, contrasting with structural damage where fluids alone won't suffice.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with chronic renal insufficiency weighs 70 kg and has the following laboratory results: creatinine clearance 18 mL/min; potassium 6.8 mEq/L; BUN 75 mg/dL; serum creatinine 6.3 mg/dL. An appropriate dietary modification for the patient is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With creatinine clearance 18 mL/min and hyperkalemia (6.8 mEq/L), potassium restriction (2-3 g/day) is critical protein (too high at 70 g), sodium (too low at 1000 mg), and unlimited carbs (diabetes risk) are inappropriate. This distinguishes potassium management, vital for cardiac safety, contrasting with excessive restrictions.
Question 4 of 5
During the immediate postoperative care of the recipient of a kidney transplant, the nurse expects to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid regulation matching urine output ensures graft function not bloody drainage (complication), frequent pain meds (variable), or early catheter removal (risky). This distinguishes postoperative fluid balance, vital for graft survival, contrasting with surgical concerns.
Question 5 of 5
A section in the kidney shows one of the followings:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidney cortex has glomeruli, medulla has pyramids; columns of Bertini (cortical extensions) lie between medullary pyramids not pyramids in cortex or glomeruli in medulla. This distinguishes renal architecture, vital for sectional anatomy, contrasting with misplacements.