ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Releasing factors are synthesized in the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Releasing factors (e.g., TRH, GnRH) are synthesized in the hypothalamus, traveling via portal veins to stimulate anterior pituitary hormone release. Hypophysis (pituitary) responds to these, not producing them. Pancreas secretes insulin/glucagon, not releasing factors. Posterior pituitary stores hypothalamic hormones, not synthesizing releasing factors. Hypothalamus' control role distinguishes it, critical for pituitary regulation, unlike responsive or unrelated glands.
Question 2 of 5
The acidophils of the anterior pituitary secrete:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acidophils in the anterior pituitary secrete prolactin (lactation) and growth hormone (GH, growth/metabolism), staining pink with acidic dyes. LH and FSH, gonadotropins, come from basophils, as does TSH (thyroid stimulation). MSH (melanocyte-stimulating) is minimal in humans, from intermediate lobe, not acidophils. Prolactin and GH's acidophil origin distinguishes them, critical for lactation and growth, unlike basophil hormones.
Question 3 of 5
A client in the endocrine clinic has a low T-lymphocyte count. The nurse is aware that which of the following endocrine glands plays a role in the development of T-lymphocytes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thymus, an endocrine gland, secretes thymosin to mature T-lymphocytes, critical for immunity, peaking in youth and shrinking with age. Thyroid regulates metabolism via thyroxine, not immunity. Pituitary controls other glands (e.g., via ACTH), not T-cell development. Pancreas manages glucose (insulin/glucagon), not lymphocytes. Thymus' role in T-cell maturation distinguishes it, essential for adaptive immunity, unlike metabolic or regulatory glands.
Question 4 of 5
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary releases two hormones antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin produced by hypothalamic neurons and transported via axons. It doesn't synthesize hormones itself, unlike the anterior pituitary (e.g., six hormones). 'Zero' ignores storage/release, and 'six' overestimates. This dual role distinguishes posterior pituitary function, key to water balance and reproduction, contrasting with anterior synthesis.
Question 5 of 5
What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla secrete catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) for fight-or-flight responses, derived from neural crest cells. Neuroglial cells support neurons, follicle cells are thyroid-specific, and oxyphil cells are in parathyroids. Chromaffin cells' neuroendocrine role distinguishes them, key to rapid stress responses, contrasting with supportive or other glandular cells.