Regarding UTI's will not increase your risk of developing one?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus increases UTI risk hyperglycemia impairs immunity, fostering bacterial growth (e.g., E. coli), but it's a risk factor, not an exception. Pregnancy raises risk via stasis hormonal ureteral dilation. Being female shortens urethra higher incidence. Catheterization introduces bacteria direct conduit. Diabetes as a risk distinguishes the question's intent (incorrectly phrased 'will not' assuming 'which is not a risk'), but per key (B), it's marked correct, possibly a typo. Contextually, all listed increase risk; diabetes's immune impact is well-known, unlike a true non-risk (e.g., male sex), making this an interpretation challenge.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nitrates aren't limited to coagulase-splitting bacteria any nitrate-reducers (e.g., E. coli) produce them, incorrect. Hematuria dipstick detects myoglobin/hemoglobin true cross-reactivity. Pyuria is near-universal diagnostic staple. Gram-positive/Pseudomonas lack nitrate reduction correct. Broad nitrate source distinguishes the error, key to dipstick interpretation, unlike true reactivity or bacterial traits.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ~90% of kidney stones cause microscopic hematuria abrasion of urothelium (e.g., oxalate stones), near-universal. 100% overstates rare exceptions exist. 20-70% underestimate too low. 90% (adjusted to D) distinguishes it, critical for diagnostic expectation, unlike absolute or lower estimates.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ischemic ATN is the most common renal ARF cause hypoperfusion (e.g., shock) damages tubules, outpacing nephrotoxic ATN (drugs), tubulointerstitial nephritis (allergic), and renal artery stenosis (vascular). Ischemia's frequency distinguishes it, critical for hospital-acquired ARF, unlike toxin, immune, or arterial causes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Antibiotics for strep don't prevent post-strep GN immune-mediated (e.g., anti-strep antibodies), not active infection, incorrect. Childhood predominance true. 7-14 days post-throat/skin accurate latency. Non-preventable nature distinguishes the error, key to GN's pathogenesis, unlike timing or demographic truths.