Regarding urethral lining epithelium, which one is CORRECT?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prostatic urethra is lined with transitional epithelium, adapting to urine flow, unlike simple columnar (glands), while penile urethra has stratified columnar/pseudostratified, and membranous is transitional. This distinguishes urethral histology, key for anatomical precision, contrasting with incorrect linings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Kidney hilum aligns with L1 vertebra, where renal vessels enter not thoracic or lower lumbar levels. This distinguishes renal anatomical position, vital for surgical/radiologic context, contrasting with spinal misplacements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pyonephrosis is pus-filled (suppurative) pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis (dilated pelvis), typically acute not chronic or non-suppurative. This distinguishes infectious obstruction, critical for urgent intervention, contrasting with chronicity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Randall plaques, linked to idiopathic calcium stones, originate at the basement membrane of thin loops of Henle calcium phosphate deposits form here, eroding into the papilla, nucleating stones. Proximal tubule handles reabsorption, not plaque formation wrong segment. Terminal collecting ducts manage urine concentration, not initial plaque sites distal process. Medullary interstitium surrounds tubules but isn't the precise origin too vague. Thin loop basement membrane's role distinguishes it, key to early stone pathogenesis in hypercalciuria, unlike other renal regions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (gas-forming kidney infection) presents with fever, vomiting, and flank pain sepsis signs in diabetics. Loin mass isn't typical abscess rare. Haematuria occurs, but not triad-defining less consistent. Flank pain with mass/haematuria omits systemic fever/vomiting misses infection scope. Fever-vomiting-flank pain distinguishes this acute triad, key to its life-threatening nature, unlike mass or bleeding-focused errors.