Regarding the physical growth of preschool children (3-5 yr), all are true EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question about the physical growth of preschool children aged 3-5 years, the correct answer is option A) 7-8 kg weight increment/yr. The primary reason why option A is correct is that a weight increment of 7-8 kg per year is excessive for a preschool-aged child. This rate of weight gain would be considered abnormal and potentially indicative of an underlying health issue. Option B (6-7 cm height increment/yr) is commonly observed in preschool-aged children as they experience rapid growth during this developmental stage. This rate of height increment aligns with typical growth patterns in this age group. Option C (brain myelinization stops by 8 years) is inaccurate. Myelinization, the process of forming the myelin sheath around nerves, continues beyond 8 years of age and is a critical process for proper neurodevelopment. Option D (20 primary teeth erupted by 3 years) is also a factual statement. By the age of 3, most children have erupted 20 primary teeth as part of their dental development. In an educational context, understanding typical growth patterns and developmental milestones in preschool children is crucial for healthcare providers working with this age group. Recognizing abnormal growth patterns can help identify potential health concerns early and facilitate appropriate interventions. By knowing what is considered typical versus atypical growth, healthcare professionals can provide comprehensive care and support to promote optimal health and development in preschool-aged children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is a normal condition of puberty (gynecomastia) that usually resolves within a year or two. Explanation: During puberty, hormonal changes can lead to the development of breast tissue in boys, known as gynecomastia. It is a common and temporary condition that typically resolves on its own within a year or two as hormone levels stabilize. Why the other options are wrong: A) Drawing blood to determine the cause is unnecessary in this situation as gynecomastia in adolescent boys is often a benign and self-limiting condition related to hormonal changes during puberty. B) Mentioning a slight hormonal imbalance that can be corrected with medication is incorrect as gynecomastia in puberty does not typically require medication intervention. D) Describing it as a rare finding in boys during puberty is inaccurate as gynecomastia is a relatively common occurrence during this developmental stage. Educational context: It is important for nurses to provide accurate information and reassurance to adolescents experiencing physical changes during puberty. Understanding normal variations like gynecomastia can help alleviate anxiety and promote healthy body image development. Nurses play a crucial role in educating both adolescents and their families about the normalcy of these changes, empowering them to navigate puberty with confidence and knowledge.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Avoid contact with latex-containing surfaces (e.g., playgrounds with rubber) to prevent allergic reactions. This instruction is crucial as individuals with bladder exstrophy who have undergone surgery often have an increased risk of latex allergy due to repeated exposure during medical procedures. Option A) Allowing the child to sleep on the abdomen is not necessary for managing bladder exstrophy and continent urinary reservoir placement. Option C) Encouraging a varied diet to prevent allergies is not directly related to the management of bladder exstrophy or latex allergy. Option D) Providing brightly colored objects to stimulate development is irrelevant to the specific medical condition and postoperative care required in this case. Educationally, it is important to emphasize the specific risks and precautions related to the child's medical condition to ensure their well-being and prevent potential complications. Understanding these instructions can help caregivers provide appropriate care and create a safe environment for the child's recovery and overall health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best position for an 8-year-old who has returned after an appendectomy for a ruptured appendix is A) Right side-lying. In the right side-lying position, the child's abdomen is supported, reducing strain on the surgical incision site. This position also promotes optimal lung expansion and ventilation, decreasing the risk of respiratory complications post-surgery. Additionally, lying on the right side encourages the natural movement of the gastrointestinal tract, aiding in the passage of gas and stool, which can be particularly important after abdominal surgery. The other options are incorrect for various reasons: - B) Semi-Fowler position: This position might not provide adequate support to the surgical site and may not facilitate optimal lung expansion. - C) Prone position: Placing the child prone could increase pressure on the abdomen and disrupt the healing process. - D) Left side-lying: This position could potentially put pressure on the surgical incision and hinder the recovery process. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind positioning post-abdominal surgery in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers caring for these children. Proper positioning can significantly impact a child's comfort, respiratory function, and overall recovery process, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practice in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) scalding injuries. Scalding injuries are the most common type of inflicted burns in cases of child abuse. This is due to the fact that scald burns can be easily disguised as accidental injuries, making them a common choice for perpetrators. Scald burns often occur when a child is intentionally exposed to hot liquids or steam, resulting in significant harm. Option A) contact with hot iron is less common in cases of child abuse as it typically results in distinct patterns that are easier to identify as non-accidental. Option B) contact with radiators is less common in child abuse cases because it usually causes specific burn patterns that are less likely to be mistakenly seen as accidental. Option C) cigarette application, while a form of abuse, is less commonly associated with burns severe enough to require hospitalization. It is more often linked to localized burns rather than the extensive burns seen in hospitalized cases. Educationally, understanding the common patterns and characteristics of inflicted burns in cases of child abuse is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric patients. By recognizing the signs of abuse, healthcare professionals can take appropriate action to protect the child and ensure their safety. This knowledge can also help in differentiating between accidental and non-accidental injuries, leading to better outcomes for children at risk.