Regarding the CSF, all the following are true EXCEPT

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: CSF is primarily produced by the choroid plexus, with about 25% from extrachoroidal sourc, true. A child produc~20 mL/hr , and CSF flows from lateral ventriclvia the foramina of Monro to the third ventricle , both true. CSF is absorbed by arachnoid villi , also true. However, the total CSF volume in an infant is ~50-100 mL, not 150 mL , which is closer to adult levels. Thus, C is false and the correct answer, as it overestimatinfant CSF volume, misaligning with developmental physiology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Epilepsy surgery targets focal, resectable lesions in refractory cases, such as cortical dysplasia , tuberous sclerosis , polymicrogyria , and Sturge-Weber syndrome , where identifiable epileptogenic zon(e.g., tubers, malformations) can be removed. Degenerative problems , like Alzheimers or metabolic encephalopathies, are diffuse, progressive, and lack focal targets, making surgery inappropriate. This distinction focal versus diffuse pathology makes D the exception and correct answer, as surgery requira localized seizure focus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: NF-1 causlearning disabiliti, seizur, precocious puberty , and scoliosis via neurofibromas, gliomas, or hormonal dysregulation. Cataracts are linked to NF-2 (via lens opacities), not NF-1, which affects optic gliomas or Lisch nodulinstead. This specificity NF-1s ocular featurversus NF-2s cataracts make B the exception and correct answer, reflecting distinct genetic and phenotypic profiles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Valproate is the first-line AED for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizurin children, per guidelin(e.g., ILAE), due to its broad-spectrum efficacy via sodium channel blockade and GABA enhancement. Phenytoin and carbamazepine target focal seizures, worsening some generalized types. Phenobarbital is sedating and less preferred, while topiramate is adjunctive. Valproatversatility and evidence base make D the correct answer over focal-specific or outdated options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Fever is the most common trigger of status epilepticus in children, often via febrile seizurprogressing to prolonged events, per studi(e.g., Chin et al.). CNS infection , medication change , trauma , and metabolic causare less frequent precipitants. Fevers prevalence in young children drivits dominance, making B the correct answer.