Regarding renal colic secondary to calculi:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Renal colic can present without hematuria ~10% lack it (e.g., early/no abrasion), correct. Males predominate (2:1) not females. ~90% are radio-opaque calcium dominant. Recurrence is ~50% by 5 years higher risk. Hematuria's absence distinguishes it, key to variable presentation, unlike gender, imaging, or recurrence errors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Infection is the most frequent CAPD complication peritonitis (e.g., Staph epidermidis) tops issues, true. Gram-negatives are less common Staph leads. Admission isn't required intraperitoneal antibiotics suffice. Cell count is >100 leukocytes 250 overstates. Frequency distinguishes it, key to CAPD morbidity, unlike organism, treatment, or count errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal threshold is ~180 mg/dL (mg%), where glucose spills into urine not mg/min (rate), saturation alone, or 370 mg%. This defines glycosuria onset, critical for glucose homeostasis, contrasting with rate or saturation definitions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) affects infants, presents as a mass, is bilateral in ~7%, and often metastasizes to lungs not rarely. This corrects tumor behavior, vital for oncology, contrasting with metastasis rarity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In acidosis, kidneys form ammonia, excrete keto-acids, and reabsorb bicarbonate not excrete it (conserved). This defines renal compensation, critical for pH balance, contrasting with bicarbonate loss.