Regarding physical growth of preschool children (3-5 years), all are true EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question about the physical growth of preschool children, the correct answer is option A) 7-8 kg weight increment/yr being false. The average weight gain for preschoolers is around 2-3 kg per year, so 7-8 kg is an overestimation. Option B) stating that 20 primary teeth are erupted by 3 years is true. Children typically have all their primary teeth by around 3 years of age. Option C) mentioning that the brain stops myelinization by 8 years is also true. Myelinization, the process of forming the myelin sheath around nerves, continues into childhood and is mostly completed by around 8 years of age. Option D) stating that the height increment per year averages 5-6 cm up to 18 years is also true. Children experience rapid growth in height during their preschool years and then a slower but steady growth until puberty. Educationally, understanding the normal growth and development milestones of preschool children is crucial for healthcare professionals working with this age group. By knowing what to expect in terms of physical growth, practitioners can better assess and monitor children's health and development. It also helps in identifying any deviations from the norm that may require further evaluation or intervention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) milk. Mercury is a heavy metal that can be found in certain fish like swordfish due to bioaccumulation in their bodies. Old teething powders used to contain mercury, which can be a source of exposure. Quicksilver is another term for liquid mercury, which is a common source of elemental mercury. Milk is not a known source of mercury contamination unless it has been directly contaminated, which is not a common occurrence. It is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of sources of mercury exposure as it can have harmful effects on children's developing nervous systems. Educating parents about avoiding certain fish high in mercury and old products containing mercury is crucial for preventing exposure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric development, the correct answer is C) 36 months old. This question assesses the child's cognitive abilities and fine motor skills based on their developmental milestones. At 36 months, children typically exhibit the ability to imitate complex constructions like building a bridge with 3 cubes and copying a circle, which require more advanced spatial awareness and hand-eye coordination. Option A) 24 months old is incorrect because children at this age are still developing basic motor skills and may struggle to imitate complex designs or build towers using a higher number of cubes. Option B) 30 months old is also incorrect as children of this age may not have fully developed the cognitive and fine motor skills required to complete the tasks described in the question. They are still in the process of refining their abilities. Option D) 42 months old is incorrect because by this age, most children would have mastered the skills mentioned in the question and would be capable of more advanced tasks beyond what was described. Understanding pediatric developmental milestones is crucial for healthcare professionals working with children as it helps in assessing and monitoring a child's progress. By knowing the typical age range for different skills, healthcare providers can identify potential delays or concerns early on and provide appropriate interventions to support the child's development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the embryonic period, the correct answer is D) formation of human embryo is about 6 weeks. This is because by the end of the 6th week of gestation, the human embryo has developed significantly, with major organ systems beginning to form. The incorrect options are A) formation of ectoderm by 8 days, B) formation of mesoderm by 10 weeks, and C) formation of endoderm by 3 cm crown-rump length. Option A is incorrect because the ectoderm is actually formed around day 16 post-fertilization, not by 8 days. Option B is incorrect because mesoderm formation occurs much earlier, around day 17 post-fertilization, not by 10 weeks. Option C is incorrect because the endoderm is formed around day 17 post-fertilization, not at 3 cm crown-rump length. Understanding the timeline of embryonic development is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatrics. Knowing when each germ layer forms helps in understanding the basis of organ development and potential congenital abnormalities. This knowledge is essential for providing quality care to pediatric patients and assessing any developmental issues that may arise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 24 months. At around 24 months of age, children typically demonstrate the ability to undress with minimal assistance, use 3-word phrases, and show improved fine motor skills such as handling a spoon independently. This developmental stage aligns with the skills described in the question. Option A) 15 months is too early for a child to be consistently using 3-word phrases and demonstrating the fine motor skills mentioned. Option B) 18 months is also premature for these milestones. Option D) 30 months is beyond the typical age range for the described skills, as children usually master these abilities earlier. Educationally, understanding developmental milestones in children is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. Recognizing these milestones helps in identifying any potential developmental delays or issues early on, allowing for timely interventions and support. This question reinforces the importance of knowing typical developmental timelines in children for effective pediatric care.