Regarding patient-doctor relationship which of the following is true?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Doctors overestimate the amount of information they give to patients . Research (e.g., patient recall studies) shows doctors assume theyve conveyed more details than patients grasp, impacting care. Choice A is false; many doctors focus on biomedical data, missing emotional cues, per communication studies. Choice C is incorrect; trust in the relationship boosts drug adherence and outcom(e.g., placebo effects). Choice D is wrong; patients value empathy alongside skill, per satisfaction surveys. is false; being called casoften alienatpatients, reducing rapport. Bs truth reflects a common bias doctors overestimate clarity without feedback evident in miscommunication cases, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationalization is a rare defense mechanism , which is false. Rationalization justifying behavior with excusis common, not rare, per Freudian and clinical observations. Choice A is true; reaction formation flips impuls(e.g., hate to love). Choice B is correct; intolerable anxiety triggers defenses. Choice D is accurate; denial is frequent in cancer patients facing diagnosis. is true; projection attributfeelings to others. Cs falsehood rationalizations prevalence in everyday excus(e.g., I didnt want it anyway) contrasts with the established rolof A, B, D, E, making it the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Doctors overestimate the amount of information they give to patients . Studishow doctors overestimate patient comprehension, impacting adherence (e.g., Ong et al., 2000). Choice A is false; emotional cluare often overlooked for biomedical focus. Choice C is incorrect; relationship quality affects drug response via trust. Choice D is wrong; patients value empathy too. is false; casdepersonalizes, reducing rapport. Bs truth overestimation as a communication gap is evident in clinical errors, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased spinal reflex, which is false. REM sleep featurmotor inhibition (atonia), reducing spinal reflexto prevent acting out dreams, per polysomnography. Choice A is true; cerebral blood flow rises, supporting brain activity. Choice B is correct; temperature increasslightly. Choice C is accurate; EEG shows desynchronized, rapid waves. Choice D is true; vivid dreams define REM. falsehood reflexdecrease, as in REM atonia preventing movement contrasts with the active brain statof A-D, making it the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dopamine is involved in the etiology of Schizophrenia . Excess dopamine in mesolimbic pathways contributto schizophrenias positive symptoms (e.g., hallucinations), per the dopamine hypothesis. Choice A is false; GABA is inhibitory. Choice C is incorrect; tryptophan forms serotonin, not acetylcholine (choline is its precursor). Choice D is wrong; acetylcholine acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. is false; H1 histamine affects arousal, not vascular tone (H2 does). Bs truth dopaminrole, validated by antipsychotics contrasts with the biochemical errors of A, C, D, E, making it the correct answer.