Regarding parasympatholytics, the following statement is WRONG:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Pirenzepine is NOT preferred over propantheline in the treatment of intestinal colic because pirenzepine is a selective M1 receptor antagonist used for peptic ulcer disease, while propantheline is an anticholinergic used for GI spasms. Choice A is incorrect because atropine is preferred over hyoscine in thyrotoxic patients due to its faster onset. Choice C is incorrect because ipratropium is not necessarily better than atropine in bronchial asthma as they have different mechanisms of action. Choice D is incorrect because atropine is actually preferred over tropicamide for fundus examination due to its longer duration of action.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is an anticholinergic drug that acts by blocking muscarinic receptors. It produces sedation by crossing the blood-brain barrier and affecting the central nervous system. Its antiemetic action is due to its ability to inhibit the vomiting center in the brain. Stimulation of the respiratory center is not a typical action of hyoscine. Lastly, hyoscine decreases salivary secretion due to its anticholinergic effects. Therefore, the correct answer is D (Increase of salivary secretion) as it is inconsistent with the pharmacological actions of hyoscine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eating seeds containing atropine. Atropine is a plant alkaloid commonly found in certain seeds that can cause symptoms such as fever, skin flush, dry mouth, constipation, dilated pupils, and increased heart rate when ingested. Atropine is known to have anticholinergic effects, which align with the symptoms presented by the child. Malathion (B) is an insecticide that typically causes different symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Echothiophate drops (C) are cholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment of glaucoma, which would not produce the described symptoms. Physostigmine (D) is a cholinesterase inhibitor that would not cause symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity seen in the child.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbachol. Anti-cholinesterase drugs inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, increasing levels of acetylcholine. Carbachol is a direct cholinergic agonist, not an anti-cholinesterase drug. Physostigmine, Metrifonate, and Neostigmine are all anti-cholinesterase drugs that work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Physostigmine is used for glaucoma and atropine overdose, Metrifonate for parasitic infections, and Neostigmine for myasthenia gravis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Understand the question is about an alpha-blocker for hypertension. Step 2: Identify Prazosin as an alpha-blocker used for hypertension by blocking alpha-1 receptors. Step 3: Explain how Prazosin works to dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Step 4: Summarize why other choices are incorrect: - A: Tyramine is not an alpha-blocker, it is found in certain foods. - C: Ergometrine is an ergot alkaloid used for uterine contractions, not hypertension. - D: Ergotamine is also an ergot alkaloid used for migraines, not hypertension.