ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding opioids:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have an immature blood-brain barrier, increasing opioid penetration, not blocking it, so that's false. Spinal analgesia involves mu, delta, and kappa receptors, not just one type, making that false. Depressed CO2 response is the most reliable sign of opioid-induced respiratory depression, a true statement, reflecting medullary suppression. Tolerance to miosis develops minimally, unlike analgesia, so that's false. Addison's patients are hypersensitive to opioids due to cortisol lack. The CO2 response is a key monitoring parameter in opioid overdose.
Question 2 of 5
When assessing a patient who is receiving a loop diuretic, the nurse looks for the manifestations of potassium deficiency, which would include what symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics can cause potassium deficiency (hypokalemia), leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness. The other symptoms listed, including dyspnea, constipation, tinnitus, anorexia, and lethargy, are not typically associated with potassium deficiency.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following contributes most to the debilitation of an individual during a course of chemotherapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pain is a significant contributor to the debilitation of an individual during a course of chemotherapy. The side effects of chemotherapy often include pain, which can be caused by treatment procedures, side effects of medication, or the cancer itself. Pain can lead to decreased mobility, appetite, and overall quality of life, impacting the individual's ability to cope with treatment and recovery. Managing pain effectively is crucial in improving the patient's comfort and overall well-being during chemotherapy. While diarrhea, alopecia, and constipation are common side effects of chemotherapy, they do not typically contribute as significantly to the debilitation of an individual compared to pain.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has overdosed on Warfarin, what should be given to the patient to be reveresed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the body. Overdosing on warfarin can lead to excessive bleeding due to the lack of functional clotting factors. To reverse the effects of warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is given because it helps the body restore the levels of clotting factors that were reduced by warfarin. Vitamin K promotes the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which allows the blood to clot effectively again. Therefore, in the case of a warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is the appropriate antidote to help reverse the anticoagulant effects.
Question 5 of 5
The following are subject to extensive presystemic (first-pass) metabolism:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, which reduces its oral bioavailability significantly.