Regarding NSAIDS:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: At high doses, aspirin shifts to zero-order kinetics, not first-order, due to saturated metabolism, so that's false. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX, not reversibly, distinguishing it from other NSAIDs, making that false. At low doses (≤2 g/day), aspirin retains uric acid, not reduces it (uricosuric at >4 g/day), so that's incorrect. All NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen, distribute into synovial fluid with repeated dosing, a true statement, aiding arthritis treatment. Combining ibuprofen and aspirin reduces, not increases, efficacy due to competition. Synovial penetration is key to their anti-inflammatory action in joints.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hypovolemic shock due to significant blood loss, the primary goal is to quickly restore the lost volume of red blood cells to improve tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) are the most appropriate blood product for this situation as they contain a high concentration of red blood cells and minimal plasma, making them the most efficient way to replace lost red blood cells. Whole blood, Cryoprecipitate, and Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) contain other blood components which are not the immediate priority in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The therapeutic range for lithium is generally considered to be 0.6-1.2 mmol/L (which is equivalent to 0.6-1.2 mEq/L). However, some sources may state a slightly wider range of 0.5-1.5 mEq/L. It is important to note that individual patient factors and clinical judgment should also be considered when interpreting lithium levels. Levels below the therapeutic range may be subtherapeutic and not provide the desired therapeutic effect, while levels above the range may result in toxicity and adverse effects. Monitoring lithium levels regularly is important to ensure they remain within the therapeutic range.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol is a medication that belongs to the class of beta-2 adrenergic agonists, which are primarily used for bronchodilation. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing them to widen and making breathing easier for individuals with conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders. Albuterol helps to relieve symptoms of bronchospasm, such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. It is commonly used as a rescue inhaler for quick relief of acute bronchospasm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Central venous access devices are beneficial in pediatric therapy because they provide a reliable and convenient access point for administering medications, fluids, and blood products without restricting the use of a child's arms. This allows children to move freely and participate in activities while receiving necessary treatments, enhancing their comfort and quality of life.