Regarding Hodgkin's disease, all the following are true Except:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question on Hodgkin's disease, the correct answer is option C: Extra-lymphatic spread is common. This is because Hodgkin's disease typically spreads from one group of lymph nodes to another in an orderly manner, unlike Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which can spread unpredictably. Therefore, extra-lymphatic spread is less common in Hodgkin's disease. Option A, that Hodgkin's disease is less common than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is incorrect. Hodgkin's disease is actually rarer than Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Option B, stating that the most common site of Hodgkin's disease is the cervical lymph nodes, is incorrect. Hodgkin's disease commonly presents in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Option D, suggesting that Hodgkin's disease is related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, is incorrect. While some cases of Hodgkin's disease may be associated with Epstein-Barr virus, this is not a defining characteristic of the disease. Understanding these nuances is crucial in pediatric nursing practice as it helps in accurate diagnosis, treatment, and patient education. Knowing the differences between Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can guide healthcare providers in providing optimal care to pediatric patients with these conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding developmental milestones is crucial for assessing a child's growth and well-being. The correct answer, option C) 11 to 12 months, aligns with the typical age range at which most infants develop the strength and coordination to pull themselves to a standing position. At this stage, infants have usually developed sufficient muscle strength and balance to support themselves in an upright position. Option A) 6 months is too early for most infants to achieve this milestone as they are still developing their gross motor skills and muscle strength. Option B) 8 months is also premature for this milestone, as infants at this age are typically focused on mastering sitting and crawling. Option D) 14 to 15 months is too late for pulling to a standing position, as most infants would have already achieved this milestone by the age of 12 months. Educationally, understanding these developmental timelines helps nurses and healthcare providers identify any potential delays or issues in a child's development. It also allows for appropriate anticipatory guidance to be provided to parents regarding what to expect as their child grows and develops. By recognizing these milestones, nurses can offer early interventions or referrals if necessary, promoting optimal health and development in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the timeline of infant development, such as teething, is crucial for providing appropriate care and guidance to both parents and the child. The correct answer to the question is B) 6 months. At around 6 months of age, infants typically begin teething, with the lower central incisors being the first teeth to erupt. This milestone is important as it marks the beginning of the teething process, which can be a challenging time for both the infant and their caregivers. Option A) 4 months is incorrect because while some infants may start teething at this age, it is less common for the lower central incisors to erupt this early. Option C) 8 months and Option D) 12 months are also incorrect as they fall outside the typical range for the eruption of the lower central incisors. Educationally, understanding the normal timeline of teething can help nurses and caregivers anticipate and manage symptoms associated with teething, such as irritability, drooling, and chewing on objects. It also allows for proper guidance on oral hygiene practices and teething relief measures. By knowing when to expect teeth to erupt, healthcare providers can offer support and reassurance to parents during this developmental stage in their child's life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration. This is the correct response because hot dogs are a choking hazard for young children due to their cylindrical shape and tendency to become lodged in the airway. Cutting them into small, irregular pieces reduces the risk of choking and aspiration in toddlers who are still developing their chewing and swallowing skills. Option A is incorrect because the issue is not solely about digestion, but rather about the risk of choking. Option B is also incorrect as it does not address the specific action needed to make hot dogs safer for the child. Option C is not as effective as option D because slicing hot dogs into sections does not reduce the choking risk as effectively as cutting them into small, irregular pieces. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to educate parents about age-appropriate feeding practices to prevent choking hazards in young children. Providing clear guidance on food preparation and serving sizes can help prevent accidents and promote safe eating habits for toddlers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant that slows down brain function. The correct answer is D) hyperthermia because alcohol actually has the opposite effect, often leading to a decrease in body temperature. A) Euphoria is a common effect of alcohol consumption due to its impact on the brain's reward system. B) Impaired short-term memory is a well-known consequence of alcohol use as it interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories. C) Increased pain threshold is another effect of alcohol consumption, as it can dull sensations and make individuals less sensitive to pain. In an educational context, understanding the effects of alcohol on the body is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric nursing. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication in children and adolescents, as well as understanding the potential risks and complications associated with alcohol use at a young age. This knowledge allows nurses to provide appropriate care, support, and education to young patients and their families regarding alcohol use and abuse.