Regarding foreign body aspiration, one of the following statements is not true:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, foreign body aspiration is a serious concern that requires prompt recognition and intervention. The correct answer, A) History of foreign body aspiration is essential for diagnosis, is not true because a history of aspiration may not always be obtained, especially in young children or when the event goes unnoticed. Option B, Negative clinical manifestations do not exclude F.B. aspiration, is correct because symptoms can be subtle or absent, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Option C, Normal chest X-ray does not exclude F.B. aspiration, is also correct as not all aspirated foreign bodies are radio-opaque and may not be visualized on an X-ray. However, option D, When F.B. aspiration is suspected bronchoscopy must be done, is incorrect. While bronchoscopy is the definitive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for foreign body aspiration, it is not always the initial or immediate step. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering foreign body aspiration in pediatric patients, even in the absence of a clear history or obvious symptoms, and the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach that may include imaging and endoscopy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding oxygen saturation levels is crucial for assessing a child's respiratory status. An oxygen saturation of 90% means that 90% of the hemoglobin in the blood is carrying oxygen, which is the correct answer (B). This level indicates adequate oxygenation but may be considered slightly lower than the optimal range of 95-100%. Option A is incorrect because PaO2 of 90 mmHg would not correspond to an oxygen saturation of 90%. Option C is incorrect as oxygen saturation does not indicate the percentage of oxygen in the inspired air. Option D is incorrect as there is no restriction on increasing oxygen beyond 10% for a child with an oxygen saturation of 90%. Educationally, it's vital for nurses to accurately interpret oxygen saturation levels to provide timely interventions and monitor respiratory function in pediatric patients. Understanding the relationship between oxygen saturation and hemoglobin's oxygen-carrying capacity ensures appropriate nursing care and timely responses in critical situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric resuscitation, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about the drugs used in emergency situations. The correct answer is C) Digitalis. Digitalis is not used during resuscitation in pediatric patients. Atropine (A) is used to treat symptomatic bradycardia. Bicarbonate (B) may be used in cases of metabolic acidosis. Epinephrine (D) is a key drug used in pediatric resuscitation for its vasoconstrictive and inotropic effects. Educationally, understanding the appropriate use of medications in pediatric resuscitation is vital for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Knowing which drugs to administer and when can make a significant difference in patient outcomes. It is important to be aware of contraindications and appropriate dosages to ensure safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this ABG result (pH: 7.48, PaCO₂: 42, HCO₃: 30), the correct interpretation is D) Metabolic alkalosis without compensation. Metabolic alkalosis is indicated by an elevated pH (>7.45) and an increased bicarbonate level (HCO₃: 30). The PaCO₂ value (42) is within the normal range (35-45 mmHg), indicating no compensatory respiratory response. Option A (Metabolic acidosis without compensation) is incorrect because the pH is elevated, not decreased as seen in metabolic acidosis. Option B (Respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation) is incorrect because the PaCO₂ is within normal limits, not decreased as expected in respiratory alkalosis. Option C (Respiratory alkalosis with full compensation) is also incorrect because the PaCO₂ is not decreased to compensate for the alkalosis. Understanding ABG interpretation is crucial in pediatric nursing as it helps in assessing a child's acid-base balance and respiratory status. Recognizing these values accurately is essential for providing appropriate interventions and treatments to maintain a child's physiological stability. Regular practice and understanding of ABG analysis is vital for pediatric nurses to provide safe and effective care to their young patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, commonly known as croup, is a condition characterized by inflammation of the upper airway. The radiological sign associated with this condition is the "steeple sign," which refers to the narrowing of the trachea at the level of the cricoid cartilage, resembling a steeple shape on imaging studies. Option A, enlargement of the adenoids, is incorrect as it is not a radiological sign specifically associated with acute laryngotracheobronchitis. Enlarged adenoids may be seen in other conditions but are not indicative of croup. Option B, jet black lungs, is also incorrect as this description does not relate to any characteristic radiological finding in acute laryngotracheobronchitis. It is an unrelated and misleading choice. Option D, thumb sign, is incorrect as well. The thumb sign is typically associated with epiglottitis, not croup. In epiglottitis, the swollen epiglottis appears like a thumb on lateral neck X-rays, which is a distinct finding from the steeple sign seen in croup. Understanding these radiological signs is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, as it aids in accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of respiratory conditions in children. Recognizing the steeple sign in croup can guide healthcare professionals in providing timely interventions to relieve airway obstruction and improve patient outcomes.