Regarding foreign body aspiration, one of the following statements is not true:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, foreign body aspiration is a critical emergency that requires prompt recognition and intervention. The correct answer, A) History of foreign body aspiration is essential for diagnosis, is not true because often young children may aspirate a foreign body without any witnessed event, hence absence of relevant history. This is why healthcare providers must maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition. Option B) Negative clinical manifestations do not exclude F.B. aspiration, is correct because symptoms can be subtle or absent, making it crucial to consider foreign body aspiration even in the absence of overt clinical signs. Option C) Normal chest X-ray does not exclude F.B. aspiration, is also correct because not all foreign bodies are radiopaque and may not be visualized on an X-ray, necessitating a high level of clinical suspicion and potentially other diagnostic modalities. Option D) When F.B. aspiration is suspected, bronchoscopy must be done, is also correct because bronchoscopy is the definitive diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for foreign body aspiration. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the nuances of foreign body aspiration in pediatric patients, as early recognition and management can prevent serious complications such as respiratory distress or even death. Understanding the key clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, and interventions is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children at risk for foreign body aspiration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding oxygen saturation levels is crucial for assessing a child's respiratory status. An oxygen saturation of 90% means that 90% of the hemoglobin in the blood is carrying oxygen, making option B the correct answer. This level indicates that there is some impairment in oxygen delivery to tissues and may warrant further assessment and intervention. Option A is incorrect because oxygen saturation is not directly related to the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). PaO2 of 90 mmHg does not equate to an oxygen saturation of 90%. Option C is incorrect as oxygen saturation represents the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen, not the percentage of oxygen in the inspired air. Option D is incorrect because there is no specific limit on how much additional oxygen a child can receive based solely on their oxygen saturation level. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of interpreting oxygen saturation levels accurately in pediatric patients. It underscores the significance of recognizing what oxygen saturation values indicate about oxygen transport in the body and how deviations from the normal range can impact a child's health. Nurses must be adept at assessing and responding to oxygen saturation levels to provide optimal care for pediatric patients with respiratory issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to have a solid understanding of medications used during resuscitation efforts to ensure the best outcomes for pediatric patients. In this case, the correct answer is C) Digitalis, which is not used during resuscitation in pediatric patients. Digitalis, also known as digoxin, is a medication primarily used to treat heart failure and certain arrhythmias, but it is not indicated for use in pediatric resuscitation scenarios due to its mechanism of action and potential side effects, which are not suitable for acute resuscitation situations. A) Atropine is used in pediatric resuscitation to treat symptomatic bradycardia by blocking vagal input to the heart, increasing heart rate. B) Bicarbonate may be used in cases of severe metabolic acidosis during resuscitation to help correct the acid-base imbalance. D) Epinephrine is a vital medication in pediatric resuscitation as it acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and inotrope, helping to improve cardiac output and systemic perfusion during cardiac arrest. Educationally, understanding the appropriate use of medications during pediatric resuscitation is essential for nurses and healthcare providers working in pediatric settings. It ensures safe and effective care delivery in emergency situations, where quick decision-making can make a significant impact on patient outcomes. By knowing which drugs are appropriate for resuscitation and their mechanisms of action, healthcare professionals can confidently and competently provide life-saving interventions for pediatric patients in distress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In interpreting ABG results, it is crucial to understand the underlying physiology and compensatory mechanisms. In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Metabolic alkalosis without compensation. The pH of 7.48 indicates alkalosis, which aligns with metabolic alkalosis. The HCO3 of 30 is elevated, further supporting a metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO2 of 42 is within normal range, indicating that the respiratory system is not compensating for the metabolic alkalosis. Option A) Metabolic acidosis without compensation is incorrect because the pH is alkalotic, not acidic. Option B) Respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation is incorrect as there is no respiratory component to the alkalosis. Option C) Respiratory alkalosis with full compensation is incorrect because there is no evidence of compensation by the respiratory system. Educationally, understanding ABG interpretation is vital in pediatric nursing to assess a child's acid-base status accurately. It is essential for nurses to grasp the nuances of ABG values to provide appropriate care and interventions for pediatric patients with acid-base imbalances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding radiological signs associated with respiratory conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective patient care. In the case of acute laryngotracheobronchitis, the correct radiological sign is the "steeple sign" (Option C). This term refers to the characteristic subglottic narrowing that resembles a steeple on frontal neck X-rays, indicative of upper airway inflammation and narrowing. Option A, enlargement of the adenoids, is incorrect as it typically presents with a different radiological appearance, such as soft tissue enlargement in the nasopharynx area. Option B, jet black lungs, is not relevant to acute laryngotracheobronchitis and may be more indicative of conditions like pulmonary edema or severe emphysema. Option D, thumb sign, is associated with epiglottitis, not laryngotracheobronchitis, and refers to the thumb-like appearance of the epiglottis on lateral neck X-rays. Educationally, knowing these radiological signs helps nurses and healthcare providers differentiate between various respiratory conditions in pediatric patients. Understanding the steeple sign's significance in acute laryngotracheobronchitis can aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment interventions, emphasizing the importance of accurate clinical assessment and diagnostic interpretation in pediatric nursing practice.