Regarding CPAP, the following are true EXCEPT

Question 1 of 9

A. its prevents collapse of surfactant-deficient alveoli B. its indicated, if oxygen saturation cannot be kept > 95% C. its improves functional residual capacity FRC D. its reduces ventilatory needs

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: CPAP is indicated when oxygen saturation cannot be maintained at lower levels, not necessarily >95%. The other statements are true regarding CPAP.

Question 2 of 9

Obstructive shock is characterized by which of the following:

A. Mechanical obstruction of ventricular outflow B. Airway obstruction C. Generalized vasoconstriction D. Hypovolemia

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Obstructive shock occurs due to mechanical barriers to blood flow, such as cardiac tamponade or pulmonary embolism.

Question 3 of 9

Which of the following is the most accepted diagnostic criteria of asthma?

A. Cough or wheeze in a child who has tested positive for allergens on skin prick testing B. Cough or wheeze in a child with a strong family history of asthma C. Recurrent cough or wheeze that responds to bronchodilator therapy D. Persistent cough or wheeze in a child exposed to passive smoking in the home

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A diagnosis of asthma is confirmed if recurrent symptoms improve with bronchodilator therapy.

Question 4 of 9

A patient with Apgar scores of and at and 5 minutes, respectively, appears hyperalert and has hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and mydriasis The most likely diagnosis is

A. Stage I hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy B. Stage II hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy C. Stage III hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy D. Kernicterus

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stage I hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy presents with hyperalertness, hyperreflexia, and mydriasis

Question 5 of 9

The minimum required duration for diagnosis of chronic hepatitis in a child with persistent elevation of transaminases is

A. 9 months B. 2 months C. 4 months D. 6 months

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chronic hepatitis is defined as persistent inflammation of the liver lasting 6 months or more, confirmed by elevated transaminases and histological findings.

Question 6 of 9

Advanced life support includes the following Except:

A. Vascular access B. Fluid administration C. Breathing support D. Treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Advanced life support (ALS) includes airway management, vascular access, fluid resuscitation, and defibrillation, but does not specifically focus on treating arrhythmias, which is a specialized intervention.

Question 7 of 9

Common respiratory tract manifestations of neonatal bacterial infections is

A. Ethmoiditis B. Otitis media C. Mastoiditis D. Empyema

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Empyema is a common respiratory manifestation of neonatal bacterial infections, involving pus accumulation in the pleural space.

Question 8 of 9

Which of the following is the most common clinical feature at presentation in acute rheumatic fever (ARF)?

A. Arthritis B. Carditis C. Erythema marginatum D. Subcutaneous nodules

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Migratory polyarthritis is the most common initial presentation of ARF, occurring in 75% of cases.

Question 9 of 9

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis has many subtypes. Arthritis must be present to make a diagnosis of any subtype; involved joints oftenly have the following signs EXCEPT

A. swelling B. warm C. erythema D. limitation of movement

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Erythema is not typically associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis unless there is an additional inflammatory condition.

Regarding CPAP, the following are true EXCEPT

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