Regarding continuous antibiotic prophylaxis in medical management of antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Prophylaxis for hydronephrosis uses half therapeutic dose prevents UTI (e.g., amoxicillin neonates, TMP-SMX >2 months), true. Amoxicillin fits neonates correct. TMP-SMX suits older infants standard. Evening dosing aids compliance accurate. Half-dose distinguishes it, key to prophylaxis strategy, unlike drug or timing options all true.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Morbid obesity isn't a contraindication for laparoscopic surgery challenging but feasible with adjustments (e.g., trocar placement), not absolute. Hemodynamic instability risks collapse absolute no. Intestinal obstruction causes distension unsafe pneumoperitoneum. Increased intracranial pressure worsens with COâ‚‚ insufflation dangerous. Obesity's manageability distinguishes it, key to surgical candidacy, unlike life-threatening or mechanical barriers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Uric acid concentrates in urine as a waste product, unlike glucose (reabsorbed), sodium (regulated), or phosphate (variable). This highlights excretory priority, vital for purine metabolism, contrasting with reabsorbed substances.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs ~65-70% of filtrate (glucose, Na+), not loop, DCT (fine-tuning), or glomerulus (filtration). This highlights PCT dominance, vital for bulk reabsorption, contrasting with later segments.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The hilum is the kidney's entry/exit point for vessels/ureter, not sinus (cavity), column (cortex), or pyramid (medulla). This defines renal gateway, vital for vascular connections, contrasting with structural terms.