ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding complications of pertussis, the MOST permanent disability is a result of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Encephalopathy (E) from pertussis can cause permanent neurologic damage, per complication data.
Question 2 of 5
A 3-year-old child presented with high fever, diarrhea, and seizure; stool examination is foul smelling and positive for mucus, blood, and leukocytes. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shigellosis (B) fits fever, seizures, and bloody/mucoid diarrhea with leukocytes, per pediatric ID.
Question 3 of 5
Ali's mother is worried about her 10-month-old infant who is exposed to his sister with hepatitis A viral infection. Of the following, the BEST advice is to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunoglobulin (C) within 14 days post-exposure prevents HAV in infants <1 year, per CDC, as vaccine (B) is less effective at this age.
Question 4 of 5
In general, 8% of girls and 2% of boys have a UTI by 11 years of age, but approximately 75% of infants with bacteriuria are male in age group of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Males predominate (75%) in UTIs <3 months (A) due to uncircumcision risks, per epidemiology.
Question 5 of 5
A 2-year-old child presented with fever, irritability, and inability to walk; on examination there is erythema, swelling, warmth, and tenderness over the lower thigh; radiographs of the left knee showed focal destruction of the distal femoral metaphysis and periosteal reaction. Of the following, the MOST common etiological pathogen of this condition is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: S. aureus (B) is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children, per pediatric orthopedics.