Regarding bronchial asthma, all of the following are true except:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of bronchial asthma, the correct answer is C) Chest examination must reveal bilateral wheezes. This statement is false because wheezes in bronchial asthma are typically heard bilaterally and not unilaterally. Wheezes are caused by the turbulent airflow through narrowed airways due to inflammation and constriction, which is a hallmark of asthma. Option A is true as bronchial asthma presents with episodic symptoms of airflow obstruction, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath during asthma attacks. Option B is correct because the symptoms of bronchial asthma can be reversed with the administration of β2 agonists, which act as bronchodilators to open up the airways and improve airflow. Option D is also true as inhaled corticosteroids are considered the cornerstone of long-term therapy for bronchial asthma. They work by reducing airway inflammation, which helps in preventing asthma attacks and controlling symptoms over time. Educationally, understanding the characteristics of bronchial asthma, including its symptoms, treatment options, and diagnostic findings like wheezes, is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for children with asthma. Recognizing the correct and incorrect statements about asthma helps nurses provide appropriate care, educate patients and families, and effectively manage asthma in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In Basic Life Support (BLS), it is crucial to immobilize the cervical spine if there is a possibility of a spinal cord injury, making option D the correct answer. Immobilizing the cervical spine helps prevent further damage to the spinal cord in case of an injury. This step is essential in emergency situations to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient. Option A, to get the 'sniffing' position, is incorrect as it refers to positioning the patient's head and neck to open the airway during intubation, not for cervical spine immobilization. Option B, to fix oral airway, is also incorrect as it pertains to maintaining a clear airway and is not specific to cervical spine immobilization. Option C, to clear the oropharynx, is important for airway management but does not address the need for cervical spine immobilization in the context of spinal cord injury. In an educational context, understanding the importance of cervical spine immobilization in BLS is critical for healthcare providers, especially those working in pediatric care. Proper training and knowledge in BLS techniques, including spinal immobilization, can make a significant difference in the outcomes of pediatric patients in emergency situations. Healthcare professionals must be well-versed in these techniques to provide effective and safe care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the incorrect statement regarding corticosteroids in allergy is option A: "The mechanism of action is not known." The correct answer is that the mechanism of action of corticosteroids is indeed known. Corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune response. They do this by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, as well as by suppressing the activity of immune cells involved in allergic reactions. Option B states that corticosteroids are lymphopenic, which is correct. Corticosteroids can cause a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, which can impact the immune response. Option C is also incorrect. Corticosteroids do decrease the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators involved in the allergic response. Option D is the incorrect statement about corticosteroids in allergy. Long-term usage of corticosteroids can indeed suppress linear growth in children, making this statement accurate. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to have a comprehensive understanding of the effects and mechanisms of action of medications commonly used in pediatric allergy management. Understanding the correct and incorrect statements about corticosteroids in allergies can help nurses make informed decisions when caring for pediatric patients with allergic conditions. It also highlights the importance of monitoring children on long-term corticosteroid therapy for potential growth issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur after vaccination, particularly with components like vaccines. In this scenario, the sudden onset of symptoms such as flushing, tachycardia, tachypnea, weak peripheral pulses, and altered consciousness is indicative of an anaphylactic reaction. Option A) Cardiogenic shock is unlikely in this case because the symptoms are more consistent with an allergic reaction rather than a cardiac issue. Option B) Distributive shock is characterized by widespread vasodilation and pooling of blood, leading to hypotension. The symptoms described are not typical of distributive shock. Option C) Hypovolemic shock results from a significant loss of blood or fluids, leading to decreased perfusion. The symptoms presented do not align with those of hypovolemic shock. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in recognizing and managing potential adverse reactions to vaccines, including anaphylactic shock. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential in preventing severe complications and ensuring the best outcomes for pediatric patients. Nurses should be trained in administering vaccines safely and be equipped to respond effectively to any allergic reactions that may occur.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, the correct answer is D) The encircling technique is used to perform chest compression. This technique is important because it ensures effective chest compressions in children by using both hands to encircle the child's chest and apply pressure. Option A is incorrect because intubation is not the priority during basic life support; maintaining circulation through chest compressions takes precedence. Option B is incorrect as chest compressions are indicated in all cases of cardiac arrest in children, regardless of heart sounds. Option C is incorrect as the recommended ratio of chest compressions to ventilation in pediatric BLS is 30:2, not 15:2. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in pediatric basic life support techniques to effectively respond to emergencies involving children. Understanding the correct techniques, like the encircling method, can make a significant difference in the outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest situations. Proper training and practice are essential to ensure pediatric nurses can confidently and competently perform life-saving interventions when caring for pediatric patients.