ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 2 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding antibiotic resistance:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-lactamase isn't the primary resistance mechanism in pneumococci (PBP alteration is), so that's false. Penicillin's poor penetration into gram-negative bacteria due to outer membranes is a true statement, a common resistance factor. Altered penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) drive pneumococcal resistance, not the main general mechanism, though true in context. Methicillin resistance in Staph (MRSA) is due to mecA gene producing altered PBPs, not just beta-lactamase, so that's false. Penetration issues in gram-negatives are a fundamental barrier, guiding beta-lactam design like piperacillin.
Question 2 of 5
The patient has been receiving amitriptyline (Elavil) for 2 weeks. He tells the nurse he doesn't think this medicine is working, as he is still depressed. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amitriptyline, a TCA, needs 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect-serotonin/norepinephrine buildup, per pharmacology. ‘Looking better' dismisses feelings. Switching meds is premature-2 weeks is early. Months overstates delay. Weeks to effect educates, setting realistic hope.
Question 3 of 5
What is Nitroglycerin's Action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a medication commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris (chest pain) and heart failure. Its primary action is to dilate the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. By dilating these arteries, nitroglycerin helps to increase blood flow to the heart and reduce the workload on the heart muscle, thereby relieving chest pain and improving overall heart function. This vasodilatory effect of nitroglycerin also helps in reducing blood pressure and increasing oxygen supply to the heart. Therefore, the correct action of nitroglycerin is to dilate the coronary arteries.
Question 4 of 5
Drugs may be excreted by any route in the body, except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Saliva is not a common route for drug excretion. Drugs are primarily excreted from the body through various routes such as the kidneys (urine), lungs (exhaled air), gastrointestinal tract (feces), and tears (through the eyes). Saliva does not play a major role in drug excretion, as most drugs are not significantly eliminated through saliva.
Question 5 of 5
What action is often recommended to help reduce tolerance to transdermal nitroglycerin therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To help reduce tolerance to transdermal nitroglycerin therapy, it is often recommended to remove the patch at bedtime and then apply a new one in the morning. This drug-free period during sleep helps prevent the development of tolerance to nitroglycerin. By allowing the body to have a break from continuous exposure to the drug, the effectiveness of nitroglycerin can be maintained over time.