Recognize the following that would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Allergic contact dermatitis. This is classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction because it involves activation of T cells, which takes time to develop. Anaphylaxis (A) is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (C) involves antibodies attacking cells directly, not delayed. Immune complex hypersensitivity (D) involves immune complexes depositing in tissues, triggering inflammation, not T cell activation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vector DNA. In genetic engineering, a vector is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into another cell. Plasmid DNA (choice B) is a type of vector, but not all vectors are plasmids. Recombinant DNA (choice A) refers to DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different sources. Insert DNA (choice D) is the foreign genetic material that is inserted into a vector. Therefore, the most specific and accurate choice is C, Vector DNA, as it encompasses all types of vectors used in genetic engineering.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the importance of a comprehensive drug history is crucial when assessing a client suspected of an immune system disorder. The correct answer, B) The client’s drug history, is essential because certain medications can suppress the immune system, leading to immune dysfunction or disorders. By documenting the client's drug history, the nurse can identify any potential medications that may be contributing to the immune system disorder or interactions that could exacerbate the condition. Option A, the client’s diet, while important for overall health and immune function, is not the priority when suspecting an immune system disorder. Option C, the client’s ability to produce antibodies, is more of a diagnostic aspect rather than an initial assessment factor. Option D, the client’s family members’ history of chronic diseases, though relevant for genetic predispositions, is not as immediately pertinent as the client's own drug history. Educationally, this question highlights the significance of a thorough assessment in pharmacology, emphasizing the impact of medications on immune system function. It underscores the need for nurses to consider all aspects of a client's history to provide holistic care and make informed decisions regarding treatment and management of immune system disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Anaphylactic shock and angioneurotic edema. Anaphylactic shock is the most severe complication among clients with allergies, regardless of the type of allergy. It is a life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and potential organ failure. Angioneurotic edema is also a serious condition characterized by rapid swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often involving the face and airway. Option A) Bronchitis is not the most severe complication of allergies. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes and is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. Option B) Cardiac arrest is a serious medical emergency but is not directly related to allergic reactions. It is the sudden loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness. Option D) Asthma and nasal polyps are common allergic conditions but are not as immediately life-threatening as anaphylactic shock. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, while nasal polyps are non-cancerous growths that can form in the nasal passages. In an educational context, understanding the most severe complications of allergies is crucial for healthcare professionals to recognize and respond to allergic reactions promptly and effectively. Educating patients on the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and the importance of carrying an epinephrine auto-injector can help prevent severe outcomes in individuals with allergies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of AIDS-related distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP), the correct symptom associated with this condition is abnormal sensations such as burning and numbness (Option B). This is because DSP is a neurological complication commonly seen in individuals with HIV/AIDS, characterized by damage to the nerves that carry sensory information to the brain. Patients may experience tingling, burning, or numbness in their extremities due to this nerve damage. Option A, staggering gait and muscle incoordination, is more commonly associated with conditions affecting the motor nerves or cerebellum, such as cerebellar ataxia. This symptom is not typically seen in DSP. Option C, delusional thinking, is a symptom more commonly associated with psychiatric conditions or central nervous system disorders, rather than peripheral neuropathies like DSP. Option D, incontinence, is a symptom that may be seen in conditions affecting the spinal cord or autonomic nerves, but is not a typical symptom of DSP. In an educational context, understanding the specific symptoms associated with different neurological conditions is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately assess and manage patients with HIV/AIDS. Recognizing the symptoms of DSP can lead to timely interventions to help alleviate discomfort and improve the quality of life for individuals living with this condition.