Recognised features of anorexia nervosa include:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric cardiovascular nursing, understanding the manifestations of anorexia nervosa is crucial due to its impact on cardiac health. The correct answer, "D) Sinus bradycardia," is a recognized feature of anorexia nervosa. Sinus bradycardia is a common finding in individuals with severe malnutrition, such as in anorexia nervosa, as the body's response to conserve energy. Option A, "T-wave inversion on ECG," is not typically associated with anorexia nervosa. T-wave inversion can be seen in conditions like myocardial ischemia or electrolyte imbalances, but it is not a specific feature of anorexia nervosa. Option B, "Hypocholesterolemia," is not a typical feature of anorexia nervosa. In fact, individuals with anorexia nervosa often have dyslipidemia with decreased HDL levels due to altered lipid metabolism. Option C, "Peripheral edema," is also not a common finding in anorexia nervosa. Peripheral edema is more commonly associated with conditions like heart failure or nephrotic syndrome. Educationally, understanding the cardiac implications of anorexia nervosa is essential for pediatric nurses caring for patients with eating disorders. Recognizing signs like sinus bradycardia can prompt timely interventions and prevent further cardiac complications. Integrating this knowledge into practice ensures comprehensive care for pediatric patients with anorexia nervosa.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric cardiovascular nursing, understanding Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is crucial. The correct answer in this scenario is option B: Features usually present before five years of age. This is because DMD is a genetic disorder that primarily affects young boys, with symptoms typically manifesting before the age of five. Option A, affecting the dystrophin gene, is a common characteristic of DMD. The absence of functional dystrophin protein is a key factor in the pathophysiology of this condition. Option C, frontal baldness, is not a typical feature of DMD. This distractor may lead to confusion if not properly understood. Option D, being part of the differential diagnosis in a floppy infant, is incorrect as DMD is not typically associated with floppy infant syndrome. Educationally, it is important for nurses to be able to recognize the early signs and symptoms of DMD in pediatric patients to facilitate timely diagnosis and intervention. Understanding the genetic basis of the condition and its typical presentation age are key components in providing comprehensive care to children with DMD. This knowledge enables nurses to support families, coordinate care with a multidisciplinary team, and implement appropriate interventions to optimize outcomes for these patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric cardiovascular nursing, understanding the clinical features of brucellosis is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The correct answer, option D - Splenomegaly, is a recognized feature of brucellosis. Brucellosis is a systemic infectious disease caused by Brucella bacteria, commonly affecting the spleen among other organs. Option A - Osteomyelitis, is not a typical feature of brucellosis. Although brucellosis can affect bones, it more commonly presents with joint pain and arthritis rather than osteomyelitis. Option B - Liver granuloma, is not a characteristic feature of brucellosis. While brucellosis can involve the liver, the formation of granulomas in the liver is not a primary manifestation of this disease. Option C - Pericarditis, is not a typical finding in brucellosis. Pericarditis, inflammation of the pericardium surrounding the heart, is not a common complication associated with brucellosis. Educationally, understanding the clinical manifestations of brucellosis in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses working in pediatric cardiovascular settings. Recognizing the key features such as splenomegaly can aid in early identification and appropriate management of brucellosis cases, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric cardiovascular nursing, understanding skin lesions associated with central nervous system (CNS) problems is crucial for early identification and intervention. In this case, the correct answer is D) Axillary freckling. Axillary freckling is typically associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which is a genetic disorder affecting the nervous system. This specific skin manifestation is a key diagnostic feature of NF1 and can indicate underlying CNS involvement. Regarding the other options: A) Dermatitis herpetiformis is a skin condition related to gluten sensitivity, not CNS problems. B) Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by depigmentation, not specifically linked to CNS issues. C) Strawberry angioma on the face is a benign vascular growth, typically not indicative of CNS problems in the context of skin lesions. Educationally, understanding these associations helps pediatric nurses in recognizing potential neurological issues in their patients. By being aware of these dermatological signs, healthcare providers can facilitate early referrals, comprehensive assessments, and appropriate management for children with CNS involvement. This knowledge contributes to a holistic approach to pediatric care, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients with complex conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a neonate with increased TSH, the correct answer is B) Iodine deficiency. This is because iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and a deficiency can lead to decreased thyroid hormone synthesis, causing an increase in TSH levels as the body tries to compensate for the lack of thyroid hormones. Option A) Thyroxine insensitivity is incorrect because this condition results in decreased sensitivity of the body's tissues to thyroid hormones, not an increase in TSH levels. Option C) Hyperbilirubinemia is unrelated to thyroid function and would not directly cause an increase in TSH. Option D) Thyroid agenesis is the absence of the thyroid gland, which would lead to low or undetectable TSH levels due to lack of thyroid hormone production. In an educational context, understanding the relationship between iodine deficiency and thyroid function is crucial for pediatric cardiovascular nurses caring for neonates. Recognizing the implications of abnormal TSH levels can help in early identification and management of thyroid disorders in newborns, ensuring optimal health outcomes. It also emphasizes the importance of iodine supplementation in pregnant women to prevent iodine deficiency in neonates.