Reactions to stinging and biting insects may cause

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Systemic reactions to stings or bites are often due to immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE. This can lead to anaphylaxis, requiring prompt medical intervention such as epinephrine administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tension pneumothorax causes obstructive shock by preventing normal venous return to the heart due to increased intrathoracic pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart defect in neonates. VSDs involve a hole in the wall separating the heart’s ventricles and may lead to heart failure if untreated.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For pulseless ventricular tachycardia, initial defibrillation with 4J/kg is recommended for effective resuscitation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tension pneumothorax causes obstructive shock by preventing normal venous return to the heart due to increased intrathoracic pressure.