Reactions to stinging and biting insects may cause

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the different reactions children may have to insect stings and bites. The correct answer is C) a pronounced systemic reaction due to immediate hypersensitivity. This is because children, especially those with allergies, can have severe allergic reactions known as anaphylaxis when exposed to insect venom. This can lead to life-threatening symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, and a drop in blood pressure. Option A) a limited lesion confined to the primary site is incorrect because it describes a localized reaction that is not indicative of a systemic response. Option B) a pronounced localized reaction also does not capture the potential for a systemic reaction that can occur in severe cases of insect stings or bites. Option D) a pronounced systemic reaction due to delayed hypersensitivity is incorrect as most reactions to insect venom in children occur rapidly due to immediate hypersensitivity mechanisms. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions to insect stings and bites promptly to provide appropriate care and potentially life-saving interventions. Understanding the difference between localized and systemic reactions is critical in ensuring the safety and well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the management of acute urticaria is crucial. The correct answer, C) epinephrine IM, is not typically used in the treatment of acute urticaria unless the patient is experiencing a severe anaphylactic reaction, as urticaria is usually self-limited and mild in nature. Epinephrine is reserved for more severe allergic reactions due to its potential side effects and risks. Option A) loratadine and Option B) hydroxyzine are both second-generation antihistamines commonly used to relieve symptoms of urticaria by blocking the effects of histamine. These medications are often recommended for mild to moderate cases of acute urticaria due to their effectiveness and low side effect profile. Option D) H2 antihistamines, such as ranitidine, are not typically used as first-line treatment for acute urticaria. While they may have some benefit in certain cases, they are not as effective as H1 antihistamines like loratadine and hydroxyzine. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of differentiating between the management strategies for various severities of allergic reactions in pediatric patients. Understanding when to use different medications based on the severity of symptoms is essential for providing safe and effective care to children with acute urticaria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 4-6 hours. In cases of food-associated exercise-induced anaphylaxis, it is recommended that children avoid exercising for 4-6 hours after ingesting the triggering food. This time frame allows the body to metabolize and process the food, reducing the risk of an allergic reaction during physical activity. Option A) 2-3 hours is too short of a time frame for the body to effectively process the food allergen before engaging in exercise, increasing the risk of an allergic reaction. Option C) 8-12 hours and Option D) 13-18 hours are too long of a wait time, which may unnecessarily restrict the child's physical activity and lifestyle. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers and parents to understand the timing recommendations to prevent food-associated exercise-induced anaphylaxis in children. By following the guideline of waiting 4-6 hours before exercise after consuming a triggering food, the risk of a severe allergic reaction can be significantly reduced, allowing children to safely participate in physical activities. This knowledge empowers parents and caregivers to take proactive measures to keep children with food allergies safe during exercise.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) celiac disease. Celiac disease is the most severe form of food protein-induced enteropathy because it is an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten is ingested. This damage can lead to malabsorption of nutrients and serious health complications if left untreated. Option B) eosinophilic esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the esophagus and is not typically associated with damage to the small intestine like celiac disease. Option C) oral allergy syndrome is a milder allergic reaction that typically affects the mouth and throat, not the small intestine like celiac disease. Option D) acute gastrointestinal allergy is a general term that does not specifically refer to the severe and chronic damage caused by celiac disease. In an educational context, understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage children with food allergies and enteropathies. Recognizing the most severe forms of these conditions, like celiac disease, ensures timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention to prevent long-term health consequences in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its tissues. In this case, the correct answer is A) isoniazid. Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, but it has been linked to drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE), a condition similar to SLE but typically resolves once the medication is discontinued. Option B) sulfonamide is not a common cause of SLE, although some sulfa drugs have been associated with drug-induced lupus. Option C) hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, is not known to cause SLE. Option D) allopurinol, used to treat gout, is not a common cause of SLE either. Educationally, understanding the potential triggers for autoimmune diseases like SLE is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatrics. It highlights the importance of monitoring patients for adverse drug reactions and considering alternative medications if drug-induced lupus is suspected. This knowledge can help prevent exacerbation of symptoms and improve patient outcomes.