ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Rapid correction of the acidosis should be avoided, because tetany may occur as a result of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because tachypnea is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis, helping to blow off excess CO2 and decrease the blood's acidity. Rapidly correcting acidosis can lead to a sudden decrease in CO2 levels, potentially causing tetany due to respiratory alkalosis. Choice A discusses renal replacement therapies, not directly related to the risk of tetany. Choice C mentions intubation, which is not the immediate concern for tetany. Choice D is blank.
Question 2 of 5
The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Volume overload. In acute kidney injury, impaired kidney function leads to fluid accumulation, causing volume overload. This is a common reason to initiate dialysis to remove excess fluid. Acidosis (choice A) and hyperkalemia (choice D) are also indications for dialysis, but volume overload is more common in acute kidney injury. Hypokalemia (choice B) is not a typical reason for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury, as it involves low potassium levels rather than fluid overload.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these statements applies to transeellular fluid?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because transcellular fluid refers to fluid that is contained within specific cavities of the body, such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and digestive juices. This fluid is not freely exchangeable with other body fluids, so its volume is generally not affected by changes in overall hydration status. A is incorrect because interstitial fluid in the central nervous system is not considered transcellular fluid. B is incorrect because the volume of transcellular fluid can vary based on specific bodily functions. C is incorrect because while transcellular fluid is a component of extracellular fluid, it does not form the largest percentage.
Question 4 of 5
Solution A has a pH of 5 and is 100 times as acidic as Solution B. What is the pH of solution B?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Solution A is 100 times as acidic as Solution B, which means the difference in pH between the two solutions is 2 (since pH is on a logarithmic scale). If Solution A has a pH of 5, Solution B must have a pH that is 2 units higher, resulting in a pH of 7. Therefore, the correct answer is C (pH of 7). Summary: A (pH of 1) and B (pH of 3) are not correct because the difference in acidity between Solution A and B is 2 pH units. D (pH of 10) is not correct as it is not consistent with the given information about the relative acidity of the two solutions.
Question 5 of 5
During a period of extreme excess fluid volume, a renal dialysis patient may be administered which type of IV solution to shrink the swollen cells by pulling water out of the cell?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3% sodium chloride. In extreme excess fluid volume, a hypertonic solution like 3% sodium chloride is used to shrink swollen cells by creating an osmotic gradient that pulls water out of the cells. This solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid, causing water to move out of the cells and into the bloodstream. Explanation for other choices: A: 0.9% sodium chloride is isotonic and would not pull water out of the cells. B: 5% dextrose and water is isotonic and would not cause water movement out of the cells. D: Lactated Ringer solution is isotonic and would not lead to water leaving the swollen cells.