Rank the following programs in terms of their overall cost to federal/state governments

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Social Security is the largest federal program in terms of cost due to providing benefits to retirees, survivors, and disabled individuals. Step 2: Medicare is the second largest program, covering healthcare for seniors and certain disabled individuals. Step 3: Medicaid is the third largest program, providing healthcare to low-income individuals. Step 4: So, A is correct as Social Security > Medicare > Medicaid in terms of overall cost. Summary: B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct order of cost based on the magnitude of expenses incurred by each program.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Private managed care plans. Medicare Advantage plans fall under private managed care plans, which cover about 2/3 of Medicare beneficiaries. These plans offer additional benefits beyond original Medicare. Public managed care plans (B) are not as common in Medicare, while public fee-for-service plans (C) and private fee-for-service plans (D) do not make up the majority of Medicare enrollment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Project Search is indeed a Medicaid waiver program that helps individuals with developmental disabilities secure internships with job coaches to gain work experience and skills. This program aims to increase their employability and independence. Choice A is incorrect as Project Search does not specifically focus on physiotherapy for individuals under 25 with developmental disabilities. Choice C is also incorrect as Project Search is not related to providing free public transportation for low-income families. Choice D is incorrect because there is a program called Project Search, making the statement "None of the above" inaccurate.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct: 1. Allen and Summers claimed Medicaid expansion led to improved access to healthcare. 2. Improved access to healthcare can lead to early detection and treatment of health conditions. 3. Early detection and treatment can reduce overall mortality rates at the population level. 4. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that population-level mortality has declined post-Medicaid expansion. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: - Option B (In-hospital mortality has declined) does not directly connect Medicaid expansion to population-level mortality. - Option C (Long-term control of diabetes has improved) is not explicitly mentioned in the claim made by Allen and Summers. - Option D (None of the above) is incorrect as the claim specifically refers to a decline in population-level mortality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because states can apply for waivers from the Department of Health and Human Services, allowing them to innovate and diverge from standard Medicaid rules. This flexibility enables states to experiment with different approaches to administering Medicaid, tailoring programs to their specific needs. Choice A is incorrect because the ACA did not shift all costs for Medicaid to states. Choice C is incorrect as the Supreme Court ruling did not directly impact states' ability to experiment with Medicaid administration. Choice D is incorrect as the constitution does not explicitly prioritize states' rights over federal authority in the context of Medicaid administration.