Racial disparities have been a part of US healthcare for many decades. How might this impact the expectations of older Black Americans?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because each of the choices addresses a different aspect of how racial disparities in healthcare can impact the expectations of older Black Americans. A is correct because unethical studies in the past can lead to reluctance to participate in medical research. B is correct because the underrepresentation of Black physicians may affect the quality of care older Black Americans receive. C is correct because differences in access to healthcare providers can result in cumulative negative effects on health outcomes for older Black Americans. Therefore, the combination of these factors can significantly impact the expectations and experiences of older Black Americans in healthcare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because knowing how the patient defines quality of life is crucial for making healthcare decisions aligned with the patient's values and preferences. This ensures the healthcare agent can advocate for the patient's wishes effectively. Geographic proximity (A) is not necessary as communication can be maintained remotely. Being a family member (C) may create biases, and medical training (D) is not essential for understanding the patient's values.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because durable medical equipment under Medicare typically requires the patient to pay 20% of the Medicare-approved amount. A is incorrect because Medicare funding also comes from payroll taxes and individual premiums. C is incorrect as Part B covers outpatient services and physician fees only in outpatient settings. D is incorrect as patients are generally responsible for 20% of Part B bills, not no out-of-pocket cost for durable medical equipment.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Based on the given choices, none of them individually cover all subtypes of elder mistreatment. The correct answer should include all the mentioned subtypes: psychological mistreatment, physical mistreatment, sexual mistreatment, and financial exploitation. Therefore, the correct answer is not any of the provided options, as they are all individual subtypes and not a comprehensive list of all subtypes of elder mistreatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Melanoma. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that typically presents as a dark, raised lesion with an irregular border and asymmetry. This is due to the abnormal growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin. Nevus (A) is a common mole that is usually symmetrical and has a regular border. Actinic keratosis (B) is a precancerous lesion that is typically rough and scaly, not dark or raised. Keratoacanthoma (C) is a low-grade skin cancer that often appears as a dome-shaped lesion with a central crater, not necessarily dark or asymmetric.