Pulmonary complications are the most common problem in caring for AIDS patients. This is caused:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulmonary complications are the most common problem in caring for AIDS patients due to Pneumocystis pneumonia, also known as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia or PCP. PCP is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii. This particular type of pneumonia is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening infection in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS. PCP is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients due to the compromised immune system's inability to effectively fight off the infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of PCP are crucial in the care of AIDS patients to improve outcomes and reduce the risk of respiratory complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During the Schilling test, which is used to evaluate the absorption of vitamin B12 in the gastrointestinal system, the essential nursing intervention is to collect urine samples 24-48 hours after the client has received nonradioactive B12. The test involves administering both radioactive and nonradioactive forms of vitamin B12 to the client. The client's ability to absorb the vitamin B12 is assessed by measuring the amount of labeled B12 in the urine over the specified time period. This helps in diagnosing conditions such as pernicious anemia or malabsorption of vitamin B12. Blood samples are not typically collected for this test, and allowing fluid consumption is important to keep the client hydrated. The client does not need to lie down in a specific position for an extended period following nonradioactive B12 administration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a client with sickle cell anemia, jaundice is a common manifestation due to the breakdown of red blood cells. The nurse should inspect the skin and sclera for signs of jaundice, which presents as a yellow discoloration. This assessment helps in identifying the presence and severity of jaundice in the client, which can be indicative of ongoing hemolysis and the need for further interventions. Monitoring for jaundice is important in managing clients with sickle cell anemia to address complications early and provide appropriate care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and promoting bone growth in both men and women. Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells, leading to low blood cell counts. Estrogen therapy is often used in aplastic anemia to help stimulate bone growth and improve bone health. Additionally, estrogen can help protect against bone loss, which is important for overall bone health in individuals with this condition. Progesterone is commonly prescribed along with estrogen to provide a balanced hormonal therapy approach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information, including touch and spatial awareness. Tactile agnosia is a condition where individuals have difficulty recognizing objects by touch, which can result from damage or tumors in the parietal lobe. The nurse caring for a client with a brain tumor in the parietal lobe would expect to assess for signs of tactile agnosia, as this type of sensory impairment is commonly associated with lesions in this area of the brain. Short-term memory impairment, seizures, and contralateral homonymous hemianopia are more commonly associated with lesions in different areas of the brain, such as the temporal lobes for memory, the frontal or temporal lobes for seizures, and the occipital lobe for visual field deficits, respectively.