Psychologic dependence is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Psychologic dependence can involve decreased responsiveness (tolerance) to a drug due to repeated exposure. Step 2: It can also manifest as drug-specific withdrawal symptoms upon sudden discontinuation. Step 3: Additionally, psychologic dependence includes compulsive drug-seeking behavior. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it encompasses all these aspects of psychologic dependence. Summary: A is incorrect as it only covers tolerance, B is incorrect as it focuses solely on withdrawal symptoms, and C is incorrect as it mentions only compulsive drug-seeking behavior. The correct answer, D, includes all these components, making it the most comprehensive choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fenfluramine. Fenfluramine is an anorexigenic agent that affects the serotoninergic system by increasing serotonin levels, leading to appetite suppression. It works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, thereby increasing its availability in the brain. This mechanism helps in reducing food intake and promoting weight loss. Other choices - B: Fepranone, C: Desopimone, and D: Masindole - do not directly affect the serotoninergic system and are not known for their anorexigenic effects. Fepranone is a beta-adrenergic agonist, Desopimone is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and Masindole is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. These mechanisms are not primarily associated with appetite suppression or weight loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tranexamic acid is structurally similar to aminocaproic acid, making it an analog. This similarity allows tranexamic acid to competitively inhibit the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, effectively reducing fibrinolysis. Therefore, the statement is TRUE. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because tranexamic acid is indeed an analog of aminocaproic acid, making them mutually exclusive options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skeletal muscle weakness. Calcium channel blockers primarily affect smooth muscle in blood vessels and the heart, not skeletal muscles. Dizziness, headache, and flushing are common adverse effects due to vasodilation and reduced cardiac output. Therefore, the correct answer is A because skeletal muscle weakness is not a typical adverse effect of calcium channel blockers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. These drugs inhibit the enzyme that breaks down bradykinin, leading to its accumulation. Ganglioblockers (A) and Alfa-adrenoblockers (B) do not directly affect bradykinin metabolism. Diuretics (D) primarily act on sodium and water balance, not bradykinin metabolism. In summary, C is correct as ACE inhibitors specifically inhibit bradykinin breakdown, while the other choices do not target this mechanism.