Preventive treatment with isoniazid isonicotinic a

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Question 1 of 5

Preventive treatment with isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide) is recommended for all the following groups EXCEPT

A. young adults in whom a positive tuberculin test is demonstrated B. children under age 3 in whom a positive tuberculin test is demonstrated C. all members of a household in which one member has an active case of tuberculosis D. children with atypical mycobacterial infection

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Isoniazid prevents TB in high-risk groups with positive tests or exposure, but atypical mycobacterial infections require different treatments, as theyâ€™re resistant to isoniazid.

Question 2 of 5

Prevention of human brucellosis depends on

A. pasteurization of dairy products derived from goats, sheep, or cows B. treatment of human cases C. control of the insect vector D. immunization of farmers and slaughterhouse workers

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pasteurization prevents brucellosis transmission via dairy from infected animals, the primary route.

Question 3 of 5

Which of the following statements regarding herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2), is correct?

A. Infections with HSV-2 are almost always symptomatic B. Transmission from mother to infant is generally transplacental C. HSV infection is an early sign of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome D. Neonates with cutaneous disease should receive antiviral therapy regardless of whether there is evidence of dissemination

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Neonates with HSV-2 cutaneous disease need antiviral therapy due to dissemination risk, making (D) true. Most infections are asymptomatic, transmission is perinatal, and HSV isnâ€™t an early AIDS sign.

Question 4 of 5

True statements about Lyme disease include

A. it is caused by an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) B. it is associated with a characteristic skin rash, called erythema marginatum centrificum (EMC) C. it occurs primarily in the Rocky Mountain states of the U.S. D. it may involve the heart and the central nervous system, as well as joints

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi (a spirochete), features erythema migrans (not marginatum) and affects multiple systems, making (D) true.

Question 5 of 5

Major risk factors for coronary artery disease include all the following EXCEPT

A. an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level B. an elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level C. hypertension D. cigarette smoking

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Elevated HDL is protective, not a risk factor, unlike the others.

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Preventive treatment with isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide) is recommended for all the following groups EXCEPT

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