ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Presenting symptoms in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) include the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pediatric MS presents with hemiparesis , optic neuritis , ataxia , and dysarthria from demyelination. Encephalopathy is rare, suggesting infection or ADEM, not MS. This clinical pattern makes D the exception and correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The following is an alternative treatment for L. monocytogenmeningitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: IV trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an alternative for Listeria meningitis in penicillin-allergic patients, per IDSA. Vancomycin , cefotaxime , chloramphenicol , and meropenem lack efficacy. TMP-SMXs coverage makes D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
The MOST common cause of viral meningoencephalitis are
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enterovirusare the most common viral meningoencephalitis cause (~80%), per CDC, due to fecal-oral spread (e.g., coxsackie). Arbovirus, HSV-1 , VZV , and mumps are less frequent. Enterovirus prevalence make B the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a clinical syndrome that mimics brain tumors and is characterized by the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pseudotumor cerebri featurhigh ICP , normal CSF , papilledema , and normal ventricl. Slightly decreased ventricular size is not typical; ventriclare normal or slit-like, not reduced. This imaging nuance makes C the exception and correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 4-year-old female has experienced progressive loss of ambulation for a 2-year period. On examination, the child is apathetic and uninterested in her surroundings. She has horizontal nystagmus and optic atrophy. Her voice is dysarthric. She is hypotonic, and her deep tendon reflexare absent. A sibling died at age 6 with a similar history. Motor nerve conduction velocitishow marked slowing, and CT shows diffuse symmetric attenuation of cerebral and cerebellar white matter. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by arylsulfatase A deficiency, leading to sulfatide accumulation in myelin, which matchthis case. Progressive ambulation loss, apathy, nystagmus, optic atrophy, dysarthria, hypotonia, absent reflexes, and slowed nerve conduction are classic signs of MLD, typically onset in late infantile form (1-4 years). Diffuse white matter attenuation on CT reflects demyelination. A siblings similar death suggests autosomal recessive inheritance, common in MLD. Multiple sclerosis is relapsing-remitting, rare in young children, and shows focal lesions, not diffuse attenuation. GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs) presents earlier with seizurand cherry-red spots, not nystagmus or slow conduction. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (D in original) has seizurand vision loss but not hypotonia or conduction slowing. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher involvspasticity, not hypotonia, and is X-linked, less likely with a female sibling affected. MLDs clinical and imaging fit make B the correct answer.