ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Presence of an --jaundice --splenomegaly with increase MCH is seen in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, hereditary spherocytosis. In this condition, the presence of jaundice and splenomegaly is due to the destruction of red blood cells by the spleen, leading to increased MCH. In liver cirrhosis (choice A), jaundice is due to impaired liver function. Thalassemia major (choice B) presents with severe anemia, not jaundice. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (choice C) is characterized by hemolytic anemia and not typically associated with splenomegaly and jaundice. Therefore, the presence of jaundice, splenomegaly, and increased MCH points towards hereditary spherocytosis.
Question 2 of 5
Macrocytosis is a characteristic of all except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Macrocytosis is characterized by enlarged red blood cells. In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), macrocytosis is not a typical finding. The other conditions listed - anemia of myxedema, methotrexate-induced macrocytosis, and macrocytosis due to chronic alcoholism-induced liver disease - are associated with macrocytosis due to various underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as macrocytosis is not a characteristic feature of SLE.
Question 3 of 5
An oncology nurse is caring for a patient with multiple myeloma who is experiencing bone destruction. When reviewing the patient's most recent blood tests, the nurse should anticipate what imbalance?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypercalcemia. In multiple myeloma, bone destruction releases calcium into the bloodstream, leading to hypercalcemia. Elevated serum viscosity (C) is not typically associated with multiple myeloma. Hyperproteinemia (B) may be present due to increased production of abnormal proteins, but it does not directly cause bone destruction. Elevated RBC count (D) is not a common finding in multiple myeloma and is not directly related to bone destruction.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with leukemia has developed stomatitis and is experiencing a nutritional deficit. An oral anesthetic has consequently been prescribed. What health education should the nurse provide to the patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chew with care to avoid inadvertently biting the tongue. Stomatitis causes inflammation in the mouth, making it painful to eat. By chewing carefully, the patient can prevent accidentally biting the tongue or cheek, which can worsen the pain. Using the oral anesthetic before meals (choice B) may provide some relief, but the key is to prevent further injury. Brushing teeth before and after eating (choice C) and swallowing slowly (choice D) do not directly address the issue of preventing accidental bites and are not as essential for managing stomatitis.
Question 5 of 5
An adult patient has presented to the health clinic with a complaint of a firm, painless cervical lymph node. The patient denies any recent infectious diseases. What is the nurse's most appropriate response to the patient's complaint?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Promptly refer the patient for medical assessment. A firm, painless cervical lymph node in an adult without recent infectious diseases raises concerns for potential underlying serious conditions such as malignancy. Referring the patient for medical assessment allows for further evaluation, including physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies if necessary, to determine the cause of the lymphadenopathy. This prompt referral is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Summary: A: Calling 911 is not warranted as the patient is stable and does not have an emergency medical condition. C: Facilitating a radiograph may not provide sufficient information for evaluating the lymph node and delays definitive assessment. D: Encouraging the patient to wait and track the lymph node size can lead to delayed diagnosis and potentially worsening of the underlying condition.