ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Presence of an --jaundice --splenomegaly with increase MCH is seen in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: hereditary spherocytosis. In this condition, there is splenomegaly due to hemolysis, leading to jaundice. The increased MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) is a characteristic finding in hereditary spherocytosis. Liver cirrhosis (choice A) may cause jaundice but is not typically associated with splenomegaly and increased MCH. Thalassemia major (choice B) presents with microcytic anemia and not typically associated with increased MCH. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (choice C) is known for hemolysis but does not commonly present with splenomegaly and increased MCH.
Question 2 of 5
Macrocytosis is a characteristic of all except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Macrocytosis refers to larger-than-normal red blood cells. 2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is not typically associated with macrocytosis. 3. Anemia of myxedema, methotrexate-induced, and chronic alcoholism-induced liver disease can all lead to macrocytosis. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is D: SLE, as it is not commonly associated with macrocytosis.
Question 3 of 5
An oncology nurse is caring for a patient with multiple myeloma who is experiencing bone destruction. When reviewing the patient's most recent blood tests, the nurse should anticipate what imbalance?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypercalcemia. In multiple myeloma, bone destruction releases calcium into the bloodstream, leading to hypercalcemia. This can result in symptoms like excessive thirst, fatigue, confusion, and kidney issues. Hyperproteinemia (B) is not typically associated with multiple myeloma. Elevated serum viscosity (C) is more related to conditions like Waldenström macroglobulinemia, not multiple myeloma. Elevated RBC count (D) is not a common finding in multiple myeloma and is more suggestive of polycythemia vera.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with leukemia has developed stomatitis and is experiencing a nutritional deficit. An oral anesthetic has consequently been prescribed. What health education should the nurse provide to the patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chew with care to avoid inadvertently biting the tongue. Stomatitis causes mouth sores, making it crucial for the patient to be cautious while chewing to prevent accidental injury to the mouth. This helps in reducing pain and promoting healing. Choice B is incorrect because using the oral anesthetic 1 hour prior to mealtime may not provide immediate relief during eating. Choice C is incorrect as brushing teeth before and after eating can irritate the mouth sores further. Choice D is incorrect as swallowing slowly and deliberately does not address the issue of preventing accidental biting of the tongue.
Question 5 of 5
An adult patient has presented to the health clinic with a complaint of a firm, painless cervical lymph node. The patient denies any recent infectious diseases. What is the nurse's most appropriate response to the patient's complaint?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Promptly refer the patient for medical assessment. A firm, painless cervical lymph node in an adult without recent infectious diseases raises concern for potential serious underlying conditions such as malignancy. Referring the patient for medical assessment allows for proper evaluation, diagnosis, and timely intervention if needed. Calling 911 (choice A) is not necessary as the patient is not in immediate life-threatening danger. Facilitating a radiograph (choice C) may not provide sufficient information for a definitive diagnosis. Encouraging the patient to track the size and wait a week (choice D) can delay necessary medical evaluation and potentially worsen the condition if it is indeed concerning.