Potential sources of mercury include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) milk. Mercury is a heavy metal that can be found in certain fish like swordfish due to bioaccumulation in their bodies. Old teething powders used to contain mercury, which can be a source of exposure. Quicksilver is another term for liquid mercury, which is a common source of elemental mercury. Milk is not a known source of mercury contamination unless it has been directly contaminated, which is not a common occurrence. It is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of sources of mercury exposure as it can have harmful effects on children's developing nervous systems. Educating parents about avoiding certain fish high in mercury and old products containing mercury is crucial for preventing exposure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the embryonic period, the correct answer is D) formation of human embryo is about 6 weeks. This is because by the end of the 6th week of gestation, the human embryo has developed significantly, with major organ systems beginning to form. The incorrect options are A) formation of ectoderm by 8 days, B) formation of mesoderm by 10 weeks, and C) formation of endoderm by 3 cm crown-rump length. Option A is incorrect because the ectoderm is actually formed around day 16 post-fertilization, not by 8 days. Option B is incorrect because mesoderm formation occurs much earlier, around day 17 post-fertilization, not by 10 weeks. Option C is incorrect because the endoderm is formed around day 17 post-fertilization, not at 3 cm crown-rump length. Understanding the timeline of embryonic development is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatrics. Knowing when each germ layer forms helps in understanding the basis of organ development and potential congenital abnormalities. This knowledge is essential for providing quality care to pediatric patients and assessing any developmental issues that may arise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 24 months. At around 24 months of age, children typically demonstrate the ability to undress with minimal assistance, use 3-word phrases, and show improved fine motor skills such as handling a spoon independently. This developmental stage aligns with the skills described in the question. Option A) 15 months is too early for a child to be consistently using 3-word phrases and demonstrating the fine motor skills mentioned. Option B) 18 months is also premature for these milestones. Option D) 30 months is beyond the typical age range for the described skills, as children usually master these abilities earlier. Educationally, understanding developmental milestones in children is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. Recognizing these milestones helps in identifying any potential developmental delays or issues early on, allowing for timely interventions and support. This question reinforces the importance of knowing typical developmental timelines in children for effective pediatric care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for the 6-month-old boy presenting with respiratory distress, feeding difficulty, a heart rate of 130/min, and a pansystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border is a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). Ventricular septal defects are common congenital heart defects where there is an abnormal opening between the ventricles, leading to a left-to-right shunt and causing symptoms such as respiratory distress and feeding difficulties. The pansystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border is characteristic of VSD due to the turbulent blood flow across the defect. Option A, Mitral regurgitation, and option B, Mitral valve prolapse, are less likely in infants and are not typically associated with the symptoms described. Option D, Coarctation of the aorta, presents with hypertension in the upper extremities and weak pulses in the lower extremities, which are not seen in this case. Educationally, understanding the clinical presentation and auscultatory findings associated with different congenital heart defects is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing these key features can aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the most typical behavior for children of this age during a play date is engaging in parallel play, which is option C. At around 2 years and 6 months of age, children are typically in the stage of parallel play where they play alongside each other but not necessarily directly with one another. This behavior is developmentally appropriate as children at this age are still learning social skills and may not yet be fully engaged in interactive play with peers. Option A, sharing and trading toys, is less likely at this age as young children are still learning the concept of sharing and may not be developmentally ready to engage in this behavior consistently. Option B, playing with little or no conflict, is also less common as children of this age may still struggle with social interactions and may experience conflicts over toys or attention. Option D, playing with only one or two items and ignoring most of the other toys, is also less typical as children of this age are usually exploring their environment and engaging with a variety of toys during play. Understanding the typical behaviors of children at different stages of development is crucial for pediatric nursing practice as it helps nurses assess and support children's social and cognitive development appropriately. By recognizing the normalcy of parallel play in this age group, nurses can provide guidance to parents on what to expect during play dates and help facilitate healthy social interactions among children.