Postinfectious arthritis describes arthritis that occurs after infectious illnesses, mainly viruses. Of the following, rubella the LEAST likely causative viral infection is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question on pediatric nursing practice, the correct answer is C) Epstein-Barr virus. Postinfectious arthritis commonly follows viral infections, and rubella is not typically associated with this complication. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to cause infectious mononucleosis but is not a common cause of postinfectious arthritis. Varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus are all well-documented to be associated with postinfectious arthritis in some cases. Educationally, understanding the specific viral etiologies of postinfectious arthritis is crucial for healthcare professionals working in pediatrics. This knowledge helps in proper diagnosis, treatment, and management of children presenting with arthritis symptoms following viral illnesses. It also highlights the importance of thorough assessment and differential diagnosis in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) kidney. Secondary amyloidosis is a serious complication of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), a genetic autoinflammatory disorder. In FMF, recurrent episodes of inflammation can lead to the deposition of amyloid protein in various organs. The kidney is the most commonly affected organ in secondary amyloidosis associated with FMF. Amyloid deposits in the kidney can lead to renal impairment and ultimately renal failure if left untreated. Option B) lung is incorrect because while amyloidosis can affect the lungs in some cases, it is not the most common or serious manifestation of secondary amyloidosis in FMF. Option C) nerve is incorrect as amyloidosis affecting the nerves is not a typical feature of secondary amyloidosis in FMF. Option D) heart is incorrect as well. While amyloidosis can affect the heart in some cases, kidney involvement is more prevalent and severe in FMF-related secondary amyloidosis. Educationally, understanding the complications of FMF, such as secondary amyloidosis and its organ manifestations, is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of kidney involvement can aid in early detection and intervention to prevent further renal damage. This knowledge is essential in providing holistic care and improving outcomes for pediatric patients with FMF.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Takayasu arteritis, as it predominantly affects large blood vessels. Takayasu arteritis is a rare autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the aorta and its main branches. This condition typically affects young women of Asian descent. A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura primarily involves small blood vessels and is characterized by palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain, and renal involvement in children. B) Polyarteritis nodosa affects medium-sized arteries and is associated with systemic symptoms such as weight loss, fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. C) Kawasaki disease mainly involves medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries, and presents with fever, rash, conjunctivitis, swollen lymph nodes, and changes in the extremities. In an educational context, understanding the specific vasculitis diseases and their target vessels is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment in pediatric nursing practice. Differentiating between the types of vasculitis based on the vessels affected helps healthcare providers tailor interventions and monitor for potential complications. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to children with these conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In cases of retinal hemorrhage caused by abusive head trauma (AHT), it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to be able to recognize the characteristic features to aid in early detection and intervention. The correct answer, option D, "traumatic retinoschisis," is not a characteristic of AHT-related retinal hemorrhages. Traumatic retinoschisis refers to a splitting of the retinal layers and is not typically seen in cases of AHT. Option A, "multiple," is a common characteristic of AHT-related retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages often present in multiple locations within the retina. Option B, "involving more than one layer of the retina," is also typical in AHT cases, as the forceful impact on the head can lead to hemorrhages that affect multiple layers of the retina. Option C, "central," is another common feature of AHT-related retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages often occur in the central part of the retina due to the distribution of force during abusive head trauma. For pediatric nurses, understanding these characteristic features of AHT-related retinal hemorrhages is essential for early identification, reporting, and intervention in cases of suspected child abuse. Recognizing these signs can lead to prompt intervention and protection of the child from further harm. It is crucial for nurses to be knowledgeable about the specific manifestations of abuse-related injuries to advocate for the well-being of their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, failure to thrive is a critical concern as it indicates inadequate growth and development in children. The correct answer, option B (20-30 gm/kg/day), is the minimal accepted catch-up weight gain for a 10-month-old child with failure to thrive. This range of weight gain is considered appropriate for promoting healthy growth and development in infants experiencing failure to thrive. It allows for gradual but steady catch-up growth without overwhelming the child's system. Rapid weight gain can lead to issues like metabolic disturbances and increased risk of obesity later in life. Option A (10 gm/kg/day) is too low to support adequate catch-up growth in a child with failure to thrive. Option C (40-50 gm/kg/day) and Option D (60 gm/kg/day) represent excessive weight gain targets, which can be harmful and lead to complications such as overfeeding, increased fat deposition, and potential metabolic issues. Educationally, understanding the appropriate weight gain targets in pediatric nursing is crucial for providing optimal care to children with failure to thrive. Nurses need to monitor growth parameters closely, adjust feeding regimens as necessary, and support families in promoting healthy weight gain in their children. This knowledge ensures that interventions are evidence-based and tailored to each child's specific needs for optimal outcomes in pediatric healthcare.