Positivism in health sciences includes

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Depoliticizing health issues. Positivism in health sciences emphasizes the use of objective, measurable data and scientific methods to understand health phenomena. By depoliticizing health issues, positivism aims to focus on empirical evidence and logical reasoning rather than subjective opinions or political agendas. This approach helps ensure that health research and interventions are based on reliable data and scientific principles rather than biases or ideologies. A: Reliance on qualitative approaches is incorrect because positivism typically emphasizes quantitative methods and data analysis. B: Fixation on population health approaches is incorrect as positivism in health sciences focuses on individual-level factors as well as population-level trends. C: Committing to subjectivity is incorrect as positivism seeks to minimize subjective interpretations and biases in health research and practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because cardiovascular disease is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain cardiovascular conditions, accounting for about 30% of coronary disease, as stated in choice A. However, cultural and environmental factors, as mentioned in choices B and C, also play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influences contributes to the overall risk of cardiovascular disease. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect on their own because they each represent only a part of the factors influencing cardiovascular disease, while choice D encompasses the comprehensive understanding of the multiple risk factors involved.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because both statements A and C are true. Statement A is correct as individuals with Type A personalities are indeed at a higher risk of developing heart disease compared to those with Type B personalities. Statement C is also correct as both anxiety and major depression have been linked to increased risk of cardiac deaths. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it includes both true statements. Statement B is incorrect as there is no mention of Type D personalities being at quadruple the risk of developing heart disease in the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the unemployment rate includes both the unemployed and the economically inactive individuals, while the unemployment proportion only considers the percentage of unemployed individuals in relation to the available workforce. Including the economically inactive in the rate provides a more comprehensive measure of the labor market's health. Choice A is incorrect as rate and proportion have distinct meanings. Choice B is incorrect as it only focuses on the percentage of unemployed individuals without considering the broader labor force. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces a specific subgroup (new graduates) not relevant to the definitions of unemployment rate and proportion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Equality. Sir Michael Marmot's message highlights the impact of inequality on health outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing health inequities. The criterion of Equality in the Canada Health Act focuses on ensuring that all individuals have equal access to healthcare services regardless of their socio-economic status. Marmot's call for action aligns with the principle of Equality as it underscores the need to address the root causes of health disparities and promote fairness in healthcare delivery. Advocacy (A) involves supporting the healthcare system, Universality (B) ensures all residents have access to healthcare, and Feasibility (D) pertains to the practicality of healthcare services, but they are not directly related to the message conveyed by Marmot about addressing health inequities.